Catalog > NOAA HRRR analysis > Validation report

NOAA HRRR analysis validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA HRRR analysis dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-08-19T18:38:51 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use. Two things are worth knowing before you start: visible beam downward solar flux needs a simple mask applied (see below), and source data is missing for a scattered 2% of hours before late 2020.

What looks good

Geographic placement, map projection and grid coordinates are correct on every variable, checked against a second independent archive and against known coastlines and terrain.
Timestamps are correct, independently confirmed by the position of sunrise and sunset: the two shortwave radiation variables go to zero exactly where the sun is below the horizon at each hour.
Units and physical ranges are correct, including the conversions applied to snow cover (to a fraction) and snow water equivalent (to metres). Snow depth and snow water equivalent give realistic snow-to-water ratios.
Related variables agree with each other: radar reflectivity, precipitation, categorical rain and cloud cover all activate over the same areas; cloud ceiling heights appear when cloud cover is high; percent frozen precipitation matches where the categorical snow flag is set.
Missing-data markers are handled completely for cloud ceiling height and percent frozen precipitation — every one of the source's markers becomes a NaN, with none left behind as a raw number.
Values are stable across the model's version upgrades, with no artificial jumps where the source changed how it labels mean sea level pressure in July 2018.
A February 2021 winter storm reproduces correctly, with snow cover extending to the Texas coast and matching an independent archive closely.

Review notes

Mask visible beam downward solar flux above 1,361 W m-2, the solar constant. A thin band of grid cells at sunrise carries impossible values, up to about 10,000. The variable is direct normal irradiance, measured perpendicular to the sun's rays, so it legitimately exceeds the surface shortwave flux when the sun is low and genuine values reach about 1,100 — masking any lower discards real data. The inflation grows smoothly into that range, so treat the first hour of daylight at any location as unreliable.
Source data is missing for about 2% of hours before 2020-11-12; the record is complete after that. Roughly 2,050 hours, the same ones for every variable, concentrated in 2016 (1,108 hours) and thinning through 2019. The longest single gap runs 86 hours, 2016-03-18 to 2016-03-21. These files do not exist in the upstream archive, so the gaps cannot be filled.
Four variables start on 2016-08-23, when the second version of the HRRR model began producing them. Surface downward long-wave radiation flux, 2 metre relative humidity and visible beam downward solar flux from 14:00; total snowfall rate from 15:00.
Cloud ceiling height and percent frozen precipitation are present from the start of the record, despite the availability figures below. A NaN in these two means "no cloud ceiling" and "no precipitation", so their coverage cannot be measured directly and is inferred from other variables in the same source files, which is why it inherits the 2016 dates above.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA HRRR analysis	`noaa-hrrr-analysis`	`v0.2.0`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-hrrr/noaa-hrrr-analysis/v0.2.0.icechunk`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gefs/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.icechunk/`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	analysis
Validation time range	time 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2026-08-19T14:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-08-19T12:00
Point 1	lat=39.7469, lon=-104.9864
Point 2	lat=33.7598, lon=-84.3952
Spatial comparison time	2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)
Timeseries period	2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	102117/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T13:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	102117/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T13:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	102117/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T13:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	102117/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T13:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`composite_reflectivity`	102123/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`dew_point_temperature_2m`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	86515/104175	16.95%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	102108/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	86515/104175	16.95%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	86514/104175	16.95%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	102108/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`precipitation_surface`	102116/104175	1.98%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	102122/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`pressure_surface`	102122/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	86515/104175	16.95%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`snow_area_fraction_surface`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`snow_thickness_surface`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`snow_water_equivalent_surface`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`snowfall_surface`	86514/104175	16.95%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T10:00
`temperature_2m`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	102108/104175	1.98%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface`	86515/104175	16.95%	2014-10-01T00:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`wind_gust_surface`	102123/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`wind_u_10m`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`wind_u_80m`	102122/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`wind_v_10m`	102121/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00
`wind_v_80m`	102122/104175	1.97%	2014-10-02T12:00	2020-11-12T09:00

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0007736	1
P2	0	0.0003623	1

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 102117 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T13:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00); nulls P1 2058/104175, P2 2058/104175

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	5.876e-05	1
P2	0	0.0002252	1

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 102117 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T13:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00); nulls P1 2058/104175, P2 2058/104175

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.05251	1
P2	0	0.141	1

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.04194	1
Reference	0	0.2122	1

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.008333	1
P1 Reference	0.05	1
P2 Validation	0.01667	1
P2 Reference	0.0625	1

Availability — 102117 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T13:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00); nulls P1 2058/104175, P2 2058/104175

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.04658	1
P2	0	0.001792	1

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 102117 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T13:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00); nulls P1 2058/104175, P2 2058/104175

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`composite_reflectivity`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`dBZ`
long_name	Maximum/Composite radar reflectivity
short_name	refc
standard_name	equivalent_reflectivity_factor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-10	-7.085	60.5
P2	-10	-6.214	63

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-10	-8.442	71

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-10	-8.838	30.75
P2 Validation	-10	-9.301	21.75

Availability — 102123 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2052/104175, P2 2052/104175

composite_reflectivity — full-period value time series

composite_reflectivity — spatial comparison

composite_reflectivity — time series comparison

composite_reflectivity — availability over append dim

`dew_point_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre dewpoint temperature
short_name	2d
standard_name	dew_point_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-37.5	-1.055	20.38
P2	-22.12	11.16	26.25

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-29.5	16.06	30.88

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-6.781	1.803	11.06
P2 Validation	9.375	15.89	18.5

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

dew_point_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

dew_point_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

dew_point_temperature_2m — time series comparison

dew_point_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	137	284.3	446
P2	167	341.5	476

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	218	375.7	480
Reference	276	371.1	472

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	249	300.1	384
P1 Reference	260	295.1	348
P2 Validation	288	350.9	428
P2 Reference	288	353	416

Availability — 86515 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 17660/104175, P2 17660/104175

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	202.2	1088
P2	0	185.9	1088

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	13.52	266
Reference	0	75.74	380

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	195.6	808
P1 Reference	214.6	768
P2 Validation	202.3	820
P2 Reference	223.6	680

Availability — 102108 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2067/104175, P2 2067/104175

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where no cloud ceiling was detected.

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1628	4784	1.469e+04
P2	341	2103	1.507e+04

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	38.5	1993	1.526e+04
Reference	21.38	1.584e+04	2.003e+04

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1688	4670	1.03e+04
P1 Reference	4480	1.93e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	402	1295	5504
P2 Reference	1228	1.852e+04	2.003e+04

Availability — 86515 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00)

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where there is no precipitation.

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	46.51	100
P2	0	1.623	100

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0009825	5.688
Reference	-50	-46.05	-6.109e-06

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	-50	-49.38	-10.62
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	-50	-48.62	-6.109e-06

Availability — 86514 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00)

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.6445	11.37	43
P2	1.242	24.87	70.5

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	3.312	30.56	77.5
Reference	7.812	31.62	62

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	6.5	11.84	20.38
P1 Reference	8.312	11.58	19.38
P2 Validation	11.38	23.19	38.75
P2 Reference	7.812	23.64	37

Availability — 102108 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2067/104175, P2 2067/104175

precipitable_water_atmosphere — full-period value time series

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s.

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	1.187e-05	0.007874
P2	0	4e-05	0.01978

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	1.214e-05	0.03125
Reference	0	1.84e-05	0.0009232

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	5.159e-07	6.914e-05
P1 Reference	1.748e-06	8.345e-05
P2 Validation	2.475e-07	4.077e-05
P2 Reference	1.099e-06	4.625e-05

Availability — 102116 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00); nulls P1 2059/104175, P2 2059/104175

precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	9.807e+04	1.012e+05	1.05e+05
P2	9.832e+04	1.018e+05	1.041e+05

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	1.003e+05	1.013e+05	1.027e+05
Reference	1.003e+05	1.015e+05	1.027e+05

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.979e+04	1.01e+05	1.033e+05
P1 Reference	1.005e+05	1.015e+05	1.03e+05
P2 Validation	1.014e+05	1.019e+05	1.024e+05
P2 Reference	1.014e+05	1.019e+05	1.024e+05

Availability — 102122 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2053/104175, P2 2053/104175

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	8.109e+04	8.391e+04	8.608e+04
P2	9.498e+04	9.822e+04	1.003e+05

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	6.368e+04	9.619e+04	1.027e+05
Reference	6.874e+04	9.695e+04	1.027e+05

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	8.32e+04	8.395e+04	8.525e+04
P1 Reference	8.211e+04	8.267e+04	8.384e+04
P2 Validation	9.779e+04	9.833e+04	9.888e+04
P2 Reference	9.792e+04	9.85e+04	9.894e+04

Availability — 102122 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2053/104175, P2 2053/104175

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1	47.79	100
P2	10.81	70.5	100

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4	66.25	100
Reference	10.19	68.72	100

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	8.688	41.18	97
P1 Reference	9.062	33.01	71
P2 Validation	41.5	74.51	97.5
P2 Reference	32	58.11	85

Availability — 86515 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 17660/104175, P2 17660/104175

relative_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

relative_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`snow_area_fraction_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Snow cover
short_name	snowc
standard_name	surface_snow_area_fraction
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.1104	1
P2	0	0.00391	1

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	5.511e-05	1

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

$snow_area_fraction_surface — full-period value time series$ $snow_area_fraction_surface — spatial comparison$ $snow_area_fraction_surface — time series comparison$ $snow_area_fraction_surface — availability over append dim$

`snow_thickness_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Snow depth
short_name	sde
standard_name	surface_snow_thickness
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.004892	0.3477
P2	0	0.0001034	0.08984

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0002276	43.75

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

snow_thickness_surface — full-period value time series

snow_thickness_surface — spatial comparison

snow_thickness_surface — time series comparison

snow_thickness_surface — availability over append dim

`snow_water_equivalent_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Snow depth water equivalent
short_name	sd
standard_name	lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0005625	0.04321
P2	0	3.082e-05	0.02576

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	5.594e-05	5

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

snow_water_equivalent_surface — full-period value time series

snow_water_equivalent_surface — spatial comparison

snow_water_equivalent_surface — time series comparison

snow_water_equivalent_surface — availability over append dim

`snowfall_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Total snowfall rate
short_name	tsrate
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
comment	Average snowfall rate since the previous forecast step.

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	4.646e-08	1.705e-05
P2	0	1.753e-09	5.335e-06

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	1.76e-12	3.874e-07

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 86514 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T10:00); nulls P1 17661/104175, P2 17661/104175

snowfall_surface — full-period value time series

snowfall_surface — time series comparison

snowfall_surface — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-27.25	11.42	39.75
P2	-14.06	17.29	37.75

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	2.438	24.04	46.75
Reference	6.906	22.42	41.25

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.555	16.75	31.62
P1 Reference	5.969	17.59	29.75
P2 Validation	12.5	20.85	29.12
P2 Reference	13.06	22.11	31

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	33.46	100
P2	0	39.47	100

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	31.23	100
Reference	0	39.59	100

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	25.2	100
P1 Reference	23.58	100
P2 Validation	27.66	100
P2 Reference	27.09	100

Availability — 102108 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2067/104175, P2 2067/104175

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — full-period value time series

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Visible Beam Downward Solar Flux
short_name	vbdsf
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Direct normal irradiance — the flux perpendicular to the solar beam, so it exceeds the horizontal downward shortwave flux when the sun is low. Values inflate without bound in a narrow band of grid cells at sunrise, reaching 10000. Mask values > 1361, the solar constant.
comment	Direct normal irradiance — the flux perpendicular to the solar beam, so it exceeds the horizontal downward shortwave flux when the sun is low. Values inflate without bound in a narrow band of grid cells at sunrise, reaching 10000. Mask values > 1361, the solar constant.

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	273.3	6368
P2	0	227	1624

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	38.35	672

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	283.3	992
P2 Validation	0	257.6	908

Availability — 86515 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-01T00:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 17660/104175, P2 17660/104175

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — full-period value time series

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — spatial comparison

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — time series comparison

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_gust_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Wind speed (gust)
short_name	gust
standard_name	wind_speed_of_gust
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.03857	4.534	30.25
P2	0.04834	5.105	24.5

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.04102	5.495	25
Reference	0.1211	5.42	19.5

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.4727	5.052	18.75
P1 Reference	0.5234	4.425	12.75
P2 Validation	0.3672	3.978	11.62
P2 Reference	0.3984	4.163	11.88

Availability — 102123 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2052/104175, P2 2052/104175

wind_gust_surface — full-period value time series

wind_gust_surface — time series comparison

wind_gust_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-10.12	-0.1008	15.88
P2	-9.75	0.2962	10.12

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-16.75	0.5125	16.75
Reference	-9.375	0.2729	10.62

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-5.688	-0.1115	5.062
P1 Reference	-5.5	0.0905	5.562
P2 Validation	-3.906	-1.128	4
P2 Reference	-3.844	-1.532	3.625

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-19	0.2222	25.5
P2	-17.25	0.5581	16.75

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-17.25	0.8441	19
Reference	-12	0.5386	11.88

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-8.625	0.07054	8.375
P1 Reference	-6.125	0.5761	5.875
P2 Validation	-7.75	-2.219	5.875
P2 Reference	-6.438	-2.86	4.438

Availability — 102122 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2053/104175, P2 2053/104175

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-15	0.07656	14.25
P2	-8	0.01887	9.125

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-17.5	-0.4393	23
Reference	-14	-0.2854	15.62

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-5.312	1.049	7.75
P1 Reference	-3.75	1.011	7.938
P2 Validation	-3.375	-0.2543	1.688
P2 Reference	-4.688	-0.2054	1.531

Availability — 102121 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2054/104175, P2 2054/104175

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2014-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T14:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-21.75	0.1903	22.5
P2	-14.12	0.07285	16.25

Spatial — 2026-08-19T02:00 (reference at 2026-08-19T03:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-21.75	-0.3152	21.75
Reference	-16.75	-0.2171	17.75

Temporal — 2023-09-27T15:43 - 2023-10-07T15:43

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-8.625	1.644	14.38
P1 Reference	-5.125	1.711	10.88
P2 Validation	-5.75	-0.5919	3.344
P2 Reference	-8	-0.472	2.781

Availability — 102122 of 104175 positions complete (incomplete 2014-10-02T12:00 → 2020-11-12T09:00); nulls P1 2053/104175, P2 2053/104175

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim