Catalog > NOAA GFS analysis > Validation report

NOAA GFS analysis validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA GFS analysis dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-08-15T14:34:26 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use. Two variables need you to mask no-data values yourself, described below.

What looks good

Geometry and coordinates are correct. Coastlines and grid extent match the reference on the 0.25 degree global grid, from 180 degrees west to 180 degrees east.
Values are physically plausible and agree with the NOAA GEFS reference. Histograms overlap for every shared variable, with no unit or scale mismatches.
Time series are in phase with the reference. Daily cycles peak at the same hour at both sampled points.
Vertical structure is consistent. Wind speed increases from 10 to 80 to 100 metres, and 80 metre temperature swings less over the day than 2 metre temperature.
Time-window variables reset as expected. Maximum and minimum temperature and the four precipitation-type flags reset every 6 hours.
Values are stable across the five-year archive. No unit steps, drifts, or precision changes in any variable.

Review notes

Percent frozen precipitation and cloud ceiling height need manual masking. Each marks "not applicable" with a range of values rather than one, so neither is converted to a missing value. Mask percent frozen precipitation below -0.1 and cloud ceiling above 19,000 metres; each variable's comment has the details.
Roughly 16 hours of data are missing on 2022-11-29 to 2022-11-30, across all variables. The upstream byte-index files for three model runs do not match their data files. The data is intact at the source, and we will fill these hours in once the index is corrected. Visible in availability_temperature_2m.png.
Precipitation is missing at the first timestamp of the archive, 2021-05-01T00:00. It is derived by differencing consecutive accumulation steps, and no earlier step exists. Visible in availability_precipitation_surface.png.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA GFS analysis	`noaa-gfs-analysis`	`v0.1.0`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-gfs-analysis/v0.1.0.zarr`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gefs/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.icechunk/`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	analysis
Validation time range	time 2021-05-01T00:00 → 2026-08-15T08:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-08-15T06:00
Point 1	lat=45.0000, lon=-100.0000
Point 2	lat=-35.0000, lon=155.0000
Spatial comparison time	2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)
Timeseries period	2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`maximum_temperature_2m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`minimum_temperature_2m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`precipitation_surface`	46364/46377	0.03%	2021-05-01T00:00	2022-11-30T12:00
`pressure_80m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`pressure_surface`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`temperature_2m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`temperature_80m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`wind_u_100m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`wind_u_10m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`wind_u_80m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`wind_v_100m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`wind_v_10m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00
`wind_v_80m`	46369/46377	0.02%	2022-11-29T20:00	2022-11-30T11:00

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0006901	1
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.004766	1
Reference	0	0.002809	1

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0001941	1
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.08881	1
P2	0	0.4129	1

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.2632	1
Reference	0	0.345	1

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.05833	1
P1 Reference	0.0875	1
P2 Validation	0.5458	1
P2 Reference	0.6625	1

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0421	1
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.08095	1
Reference	0	0.1128	1

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	123.5	293.2	464
P2	278	347.7	432

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	58.75	320.3	480
Reference	61	316.8	484

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	270	335	406
P1 Reference	276	334.2	410
P2 Validation	304	345.2	388
P2 Reference	304	338.6	384

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	188.9	984
P2	0	187.1	1088

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	146.1	948
Reference	0	150.6	912

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	296.4	980
P1 Reference	293.9	940
P2 Validation	79.8	494
P2 Reference	90.7	494

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	Values near 20,000m mark no cloud ceiling. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real ceiling heights, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values above 19,000m.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	610	1.441e+04	2.003e+04
P2	59.5	1.114e+04	2.003e+04

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	8.312	1.016e+04	1.997e+04
Reference	1.102	1.608e+04	1.997e+04

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	782	1.568e+04	2.003e+04
P1 Reference	1096	1.722e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	242.5	7681	2.003e+04
P2 Reference	379	8423	2.003e+04

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`maximum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Maximum temperature
short_name	tmax
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	max
comment	Maximum over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-29.88	10.92	42.25
P2	12.5	19.04	25.62

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-66	9.629	44.75
Reference	-56.75	9.855	44.5

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	6.438	21.69	38.25
P1 Reference	6.875	21.96	38
P2 Validation	14.56	17.47	19.75
P2 Reference	14.88	17.48	20

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

maximum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

maximum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`minimum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Minimum temperature
short_name	tmin
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	min
comment	Minimum over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-30.12	7.863	40.75
P2	10.62	18.55	25.38

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-67.5	8.162	40.5
Reference	-65.5	8.134	40.25

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5.344	17.81	34.25
P1 Reference	5	17.5	34
P2 Validation	13.75	16.87	19.5
P2 Reference	14.19	16.91	19.25

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

minimum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

minimum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Negative values mark no precipitation. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real percentages, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values < -0.1.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-50	-43.12	100
P2	-50	-36.33	23.88

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-50	-33.09	100
Reference	-50	-32.37	100

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-50	-48.1	-6.109e-06
P1 Reference	-50	-47.79	-6.109e-06
P2 Validation	-50	-28.95	-6.109e-06
P2 Reference	-50	-22.15	93

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.6914	15.28	50.5
P2	6.875	21.75	58.75

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.09668	22.3	79
Reference	0.1001	22.27	76

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.312	19.09	29.75
P1 Reference	9.5	19.08	28.88
P2 Validation	11.56	16.99	31
P2 Reference	11.88	16.94	30.38

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

precipitable_water_atmosphere — full-period value time series

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	1.64e-05	0.00824
P2	0	4.69e-05	0.01172

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.906e-05	0.01721
Reference	0	2.776e-05	0.00769

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	6.083e-06	0.0002613
P1 Reference	6.152e-06	0.0002003
P2 Validation	4.627e-05	0.001236
P2 Reference	4.845e-05	0.0006447

Availability — 46364 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2021-05-01T00:00 → 2022-11-30T12:00); nulls P1 13/46377, P2 13/46377

precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	80 metre pressure
short_name	80sp
standard_name	air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	9.037e+04	9.352e+04	9.587e+04
P2	9.76e+04	1.007e+05	1.027e+05

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.918e+04	9.57e+04	1.037e+05
Reference	5.037e+04	9.57e+04	1.025e+05

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.19e+04	9.34e+04	9.44e+04
P1 Reference	9.216e+04	9.363e+04	9.466e+04
P2 Validation	9.933e+04	1.009e+05	1.014e+05
P2 Reference	9.933e+04	1.009e+05	1.014e+05

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

pressure_80m — full-period value time series

pressure_80m — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	9.792e+04	1.015e+05	1.052e+05
P2	9.856e+04	1.017e+05	1.037e+05

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.453e+04	1.01e+05	1.086e+05
Reference	9.485e+04	1.01e+05	1.064e+05

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.946e+04	1.011e+05	1.024e+05
P1 Reference	9.952e+04	1.011e+05	1.024e+05
P2 Validation	1.002e+05	1.018e+05	1.023e+05
P2 Reference	1.003e+05	1.018e+05	1.023e+05

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	9.12e+04	9.442e+04	9.69e+04
P2	9.856e+04	1.017e+05	1.037e+05

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.966e+04	9.663e+04	1.046e+05
Reference	5.066e+04	9.662e+04	1.036e+05

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.28e+04	9.427e+04	9.53e+04
P1 Reference	9.306e+04	9.45e+04	9.555e+04
P2 Validation	1.002e+05	1.018e+05	1.023e+05
P2 Reference	1.002e+05	1.018e+05	1.023e+05

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	8.5	61.48	100
P2	43.5	69.91	98

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	8.5	78.24	100
Reference	7	78.43	100

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	18.38	51.01	97
P1 Reference	22	52.13	96.5
P2 Validation	49.25	63.07	88
P2 Reference	51.25	64.01	82.5

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

relative_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

relative_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-30.12	9.376	42
P2	11	18.8	25.5

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-66.5	8.744	42.25
Reference	-64.5	8.762	39.25

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5.594	19.79	38.25
P1 Reference	6.094	19.76	37.5
P2 Validation	13.88	17.2	19.62
P2 Reference	14.31	17.23	19.62

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	80 metre temperature
short_name	80t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-30.75	9.496	40.25
P2	8.75	17.84	25.38

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-54	8.72	41.25
Reference	-54	8.669	40

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5.281	20.12	36.75
P1 Reference	5.844	20.09	35.75
P2 Validation	11.88	15.98	18.75
P2 Reference	12.19	16.06	19

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

temperature_80m — full-period value time series

temperature_80m — time series comparison

temperature_80m — availability over append dim

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	avg
comment	Average over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	55.25	100
P2	0	57.55	100

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	71.9	100
Reference	0	65.4	100

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	50.97	100
P1 Reference	41.84	100
P2 Validation	76.9	100
P2 Reference	66.85	100

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — full-period value time series

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`wind_u_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre U wind component
short_name	100u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-18.5	0.4466	23.25
P2	-26.25	0.4917	25.75

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-33	0.64	36.5
Reference	-37	0.6275	27.75

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-10.88	0.4778	9.625
P1 Reference	-11.62	0.4626	8.75
P2 Validation	-2	3.583	12
P2 Reference	-2.156	3.487	11.62

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

wind_u_100m — full-period value time series

wind_u_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-11.88	0.1363	15.5
P2	-21.25	0.3115	21.25

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-24.25	0.4472	26.5
Reference	-29	0.4349	22.75

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-6.562	0.2344	7
P1 Reference	-6.5	0.2197	6.875
P2 Validation	-1.859	3.21	10.38
P2 Reference	-2.188	3.155	10.38

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-17.75	0.3776	22.5
P2	-25.75	0.4666	25.25

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-32	0.6133	35
Reference	-36.5	0.5986	27.5

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-10.25	0.4166	9.5
P1 Reference	-11	0.4187	8.5
P2 Validation	-2	3.559	11.88
P2 Reference	-2.188	3.466	11.5

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre V wind component
short_name	100v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-18.75	-0.01794	20.5
P2	-29.5	0.2503	25.25

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-32	0.6555	34
Reference	-30.25	0.6087	37

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-12.12	2.226	13.75
P1 Reference	-12.25	2.294	14.38
P2 Validation	-14.25	4.717	23.25
P2 Reference	-12.62	4.579	22.5

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

wind_v_100m — full-period value time series

wind_v_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-12	-0.05464	14.12
P2	-23	0.3788	20.75

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-25	0.5162	25.5
Reference	-24.25	0.5138	29

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-8.625	1.36	8.375
P1 Reference	-9.125	1.394	9.25
P2 Validation	-12.25	4.076	19.5
P2 Reference	-11.25	4.055	19.25

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T08:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-18	-0.02059	19.5
P2	-29	0.274	24.75

Spatial — 2026-08-14T23:00 (reference at 2026-08-15T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-31	0.6408	33
Reference	-29.5	0.5965	35.5

Temporal — 2021-05-28T14:50 - 2021-06-07T14:50

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-11.88	2.121	13.12
P1 Reference	-12	2.184	13.75
P2 Validation	-14.12	4.671	23
P2 Reference	-12.5	4.547	22.25

Availability — 46369 of 46377 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T20:00 → 2022-11-30T11:00); nulls P1 8/46377, P2 8/46377

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim