Catalog > NOAA RRFS forecast, sub-hourly, virtual > Validation report

NOAA RRFS forecast, sub-hourly, virtual validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA RRFS forecast, sub-hourly, virtual dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-10-11T14:59:55 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been validated and is ready for experimental use. NOAA RRFS/REFS is pre-operational and under development, so expect some changes to model output. A few forecasts from August and September 2026 are fully or partly unavailable.

What looks good

Maps align with coastlines and terrain.
Temperature, humidity, winds and storm diagnostics show coherent weather patterns.
Solar radiation follows local daylight, and precipitation rates track accumulating rainfall.

Review notes

Unavailable data

The August 13, 2026 17:00 UTC forecast is unavailable. NOAA's archive lacks the index files needed to read it.
Four forecasts each lack one hour of lead times because source files are missing or truncated.
- September 14, 2026 17:00 UTC: leads 1h15m–2h.
- September 14, 2026 21:00 UTC: leads 2h15m–3h.
- September 15, 2026 01:00 UTC: leads 16h15m–17h.
- September 15, 2026 04:00 UTC: leads 1h15m–2h.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA RRFS forecast, sub-hourly, virtual	`noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual`	`v0.1.0`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-rrfs/noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual/v0.1.0.icechunk`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gefs/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.icechunk/`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	forecast
Validation time range	init_time 2026-08-13T00:00 → 2026-10-11T13:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-10-11T06:00
Point 1	lat=35.3962, lon=-97.6049
Point 2	lat=40.3921, lon=-80.0184
Spatial comparison time	init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)
Timeseries period	init=2026-09-20T12:00
Store type	virtual — availability manifest-probed; value series sampled

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`composite_reflectivity`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`dew_point_temperature_2m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`echo_top`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`freezing_rain_run_total_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_base`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_top`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`geopotential_height_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`precipitation_rate_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`pressure_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`specific_humidity_2m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`temperature_2m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`total_precipitation_run_total_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`total_snowfall_run_total_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`updraft_helicity_5000_2000m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`visibility_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`wind_gust_surface`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`wind_u_10m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`wind_u_80m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`wind_v_10m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00
`wind_v_80m`	1429/1430	0.07%	2026-08-13T17:00	2026-08-13T17:00

Each variable's count reflects a representative reference per initialization, not every lead time; initializations with missing source files are listed below.

The 2026-10-11 13:00 UTC forecast, listed below as incomplete, subsequently became complete.

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Decode health

3800 references decoded successfully, sampled across 20 of 1430 append-dim regions, 5 leads and up to 3 present levels per group variable.

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.08293	1
P2	0	0.2537	1

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.2126	1
Reference	0	0.3856	1

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.3194	1
P1 Reference	0.6667	1
P2 Validation	0.5694	1
P2 Reference	0.6667	1

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	9.448e-06	1
Reference	0	2.709e-05	1

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`composite_reflectivity`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`dBZ`
long_name	Maximum/Composite radar reflectivity
short_name	refc
standard_name	equivalent_reflectivity_factor
step_type	instant
comment	No echo is stored as -20 dBZ.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-20	-17.67	50.65
P2	-20	-13.43	31.95

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-20	-13.05	68.37

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-20	-8.957	37.17
P2 Validation	-20	5.156	47.07

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

composite_reflectivity — full-period value time series

composite_reflectivity — spatial comparison

composite_reflectivity — time series comparison

composite_reflectivity — availability over append dim

`derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`dBZ`
long_name	Derived radar reflectivity
short_name	refd
standard_name	equivalent_reflectivity_factor
step_type	instant
comment	-20 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-20	-18.07	46.38
P2	-20	-14.08	31.66

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-20	-16.86	63.44

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-20	-12.31	34.82
P2 Validation	-20	-0.8926	44.72

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m — full-period value time series

derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m — spatial comparison

derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m — time series comparison

derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m — availability over append dim

`derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`dBZ`
long_name	Derived radar reflectivity
short_name	refd
standard_name	equivalent_reflectivity_factor
step_type	instant
comment	-20 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-20	-18.32	49.59
P2	-20	-15.18	31.66

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-20	-15.59	58.07

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-20	-12.26	36.59
P2 Validation	-20	-4.077	43.28

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m — full-period value time series

derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m — spatial comparison

derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m — time series comparison

derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m — availability over append dim

`dew_point_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre dewpoint temperature
short_name	2d
standard_name	dew_point_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	7.65	16.7	22.42
P2	3.46	15.61	24.49

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-17.37	14.06	28.06

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	14.13	17.82	21.35
P2 Validation	16.78	19.17	20.88

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

dew_point_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

dew_point_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

dew_point_temperature_2m — time series comparison

dew_point_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`echo_top`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Echo top
short_name	retop
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where no radar echo was detected.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	4491	7757	1.178e+04
P2	4022	5970	9589

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.2	5425	1.75e+04

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5838	7585	9152
P2 Validation	476.4	4325	1.101e+04

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

echo_top — full-period value time series

`freezing_rain_run_total_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Freezing Rain
short_name	frzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	accum
comment	Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	5.459e-08	0.0344

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

freezing_rain_run_total_surface — full-period value time series

freezing_rain_run_total_surface — spatial comparison

freezing_rain_run_total_surface — time series comparison

freezing_rain_run_total_surface — availability over append dim

`frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Graupel (snow pellets) precipitation
short_name	tgrp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	accum
comment	Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.000283	5.641

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface — full-period value time series

frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface — spatial comparison

frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface — time series comparison

frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_base`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where no cloud was detected.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	409.7	4892	1.283e+04
P2	357.3	3332	1.283e+04

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	17.41	3221	1.427e+04

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	2234	5606	1.204e+04
P2 Validation	357.8	799.6	1748

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

geopotential_height_cloud_base — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_base — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_base — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_base — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where no cloud ceiling was detected.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	468	5037	1.201e+04
P2	368	3390	1.218e+04

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	28	4408	1.665e+04
Reference	97.5	1.44e+04	1.997e+04

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	3456	6552	1.158e+04
P1 Reference	4576	1.529e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	417	1592	1.133e+04
P2 Reference	397	1.03e+04	2.003e+04

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_top`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height_at_cloud_top
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where no cloud top was detected.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	467.6	7982	1.456e+04
P2	348.8	8108	1.391e+04

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	8.8	8343	1.665e+04

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	8567	1.152e+04	1.449e+04
P2 Validation	5740	1.181e+04	1.303e+04

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

geopotential_height_cloud_top — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_top — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_top — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_top — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	391.5	391.5	391.5
P2	339.4	339.4	339.4

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-1.741e-17	476.8	3829

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	391.5	391.5	391.5
P2 Validation	339.4	339.4	339.4

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

geopotential_height_surface — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_surface — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_surface — time series comparison

geopotential_height_surface — availability over append dim

`instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	315.7	399.1	475.6
P2	253.7	355.2	433.4

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	198.7	368.2	478.6

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	379.8	406.6	457
P2 Validation	367.2	401.8	420.7

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	246.4	935
P2	0	208.6	869

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	623.9	1008

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	216	812
P2 Validation	0	83.53	531

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface upward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sulwrf
standard_name	surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	381.2	477.9	597.6
P2	328.8	410.9	494.3

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	312.7	447.9	586.5

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	432.5	472.7	549.2
P2 Validation	403	419.6	438.4

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface upward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	suswrf
standard_name	surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	48.97	169.5
P2	0	27.58	105.9

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	75.66	593.6

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	43.87	152.8
P2 Validation	0	10.99	66.9

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	NaN where precipitation is absent or too light to diagnose a frozen fraction.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.02386	89.8
Reference	-50	-39.01	100

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	-50	-50	-50
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	-50	-31.71	-6.109e-06

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitation_rate_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0001152	0.01717
P2	0	2.3e-05	0.001134

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.695e-05	0.0677

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	4.984e-05	0.0009216
P2 Validation	0	0.0004661	0.01057

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

precipitation_rate_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_rate_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_rate_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_rate_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1.005e+05	1.014e+05	1.023e+05
P2	1.01e+05	1.018e+05	1.03e+05

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.976e+04	1.016e+05	1.028e+05
Reference	1.011e+05	1.017e+05	1.028e+05

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.008e+05	1.01e+05	1.014e+05
P1 Reference	1.009e+05	1.011e+05	1.013e+05
P2 Validation	1.011e+05	1.013e+05	1.015e+05
P2 Reference	1.013e+05	1.015e+05	1.016e+05

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	9.61e+04	9.697e+04	9.786e+04
P2	9.706e+04	9.784e+04	9.889e+04

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	6.434e+04	9.637e+04	1.023e+05
Reference	6.835e+04	9.711e+04	1.024e+05

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.64e+04	9.665e+04	9.69e+04
P1 Reference	9.683e+04	9.697e+04	9.715e+04
P2 Validation	9.718e+04	9.741e+04	9.76e+04
P2 Reference	9.747e+04	9.763e+04	9.779e+04

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`specific_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Specific humidity
short_name	q
standard_name	specific_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.00671	0.01247	0.0177
P2	0.005	0.01185	0.01986

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.00147	0.0113	0.02362

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.01044	0.01331	0.01645
P2 Validation	0.01225	0.01432	0.01592

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

specific_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

specific_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

specific_humidity_2m — time series comparison

specific_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	15.9	28.83	41.65
P2	5.47	19.28	31.36

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	1.21	21.95	38.97
Reference	2.875	21.8	39.5

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	23.29	28.12	34.42
P1 Reference	23	28.79	33.75
P2 Validation	17.9	20.39	22.84
P2 Reference	16.38	19.08	21.38

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`total_precipitation_run_total_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Total precipitation
short_name	tp
standard_name	precipitation_amount
step_type	accum
comment	Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.05945	7.812
P2	0	0.06372	3.125

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.7006	301.9

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	1.188	3.125
P2 Validation	0	30.02	37.25

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

total_precipitation_run_total_surface — full-period value time series

total_precipitation_run_total_surface — spatial comparison

total_precipitation_run_total_surface — time series comparison

total_precipitation_run_total_surface — availability over append dim

`total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Total snow precipitation
short_name	tsnowp
standard_name	snowfall_amount
step_type	accum
comment	Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.000179	9.16

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface — full-period value time series

total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface — spatial comparison

total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface — time series comparison

total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface — availability over append dim

`total_snowfall_run_total_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Total snowfall
short_name	asnow
standard_name	thickness_of_snowfall_amount
step_type	accum
comment	Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0	0
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	1.272e-06	0.0703

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

total_snowfall_run_total_surface — full-period value time series

total_snowfall_run_total_surface — spatial comparison

total_snowfall_run_total_surface — time series comparison

total_snowfall_run_total_surface — availability over append dim

`updraft_helicity_5000_2000m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m2 s-2`
long_name	Updraft Helicity
short_name	uphl
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-0.06136	0.0191	3.922
P2	-0.09425	0.0001984	0.06468

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-51.26	-0.01097	122.9

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-0.09554	0.01046	0.2181
P2 Validation	-1.121	0.01046	1.039

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

updraft_helicity_5000_2000m — full-period value time series

updraft_helicity_5000_2000m — spatial comparison

updraft_helicity_5000_2000m — time series comparison

updraft_helicity_5000_2000m — availability over append dim

`vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Vertically-integrated liquid
short_name	veril
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.001255	0.09637	10.8
P2	0.001255	0.04285	1.393

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.001306	0.04877	236

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.001274	0.1608	2.337
P2 Validation	0.001274	0.3532	6.337

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere — full-period value time series

vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere — spatial comparison

vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere — time series comparison

vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`visibility_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Visibility
short_name	vis
standard_name	visibility_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	794.4	3.876e+04	7.954e+04
P2	100.3	1.985e+04	5.877e+04

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	12.67	2.88e+04	9e+04

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5955	3.298e+04	5.68e+04
P2 Validation	886.6	1.173e+04	1.505e+04

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

visibility_surface — full-period value time series

visibility_surface — time series comparison

visibility_surface — availability over append dim

`visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Visible Beam Downward Solar Flux
short_name	vbdsf
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Downward direct-beam solar flux in the ultraviolet and visible bands at the surface.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	78.08	362.8
P2	0	57.77	305.7

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	189.1	438.8

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	27.15	255.7
P2 Validation	0	0.2764	7.9

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — full-period value time series

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — spatial comparison

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — time series comparison

visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Visible Diffuse Downward Solar Flux
short_name	vddsf
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Downward diffuse solar flux in the ultraviolet and visible bands at the surface.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	50.99	326.9
P2	0	49.07	309

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.3	133.8	397.7

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	86.31	313.8
P2 Validation	0	49.16	294.6

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface — full-period value time series

visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface — spatial comparison

visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface — time series comparison

visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_gust_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Wind speed (gust)
short_name	gust
standard_name	wind_speed_of_gust
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.6	6.897	20.1
P2	0.7	4.835	12.7

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.1	4.94	19.4
Reference	0.1074	4.433	15.25

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.2	3.321	8
P1 Reference	1.719	3.518	5.875
P2 Validation	3.6	6.707	8.8
P2 Reference	4	5.396	7.75

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

wind_gust_surface — full-period value time series

wind_gust_surface — time series comparison

wind_gust_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	x_wind
step_type	instant
comment	Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-10.68	-0.896	5.016
P2	-5.891	0.246	5.028

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-11.7	-0.5525	11.83
Reference	-10.88	-0.5098	10.75

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-2.971	0.5134	6.321
P1 Reference	-1.516	0.6332	2.531
P2 Validation	-1.691	1.012	3.963
P2 Reference	-1.391	0.4032	2.531

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	x_wind
step_type	instant
comment	Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-13.36	-1.323	6.445
P2	-9.775	0.3776	8.08

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-12.93	-0.62	17.8
Reference	-11.62	-0.5302	11.12

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-4.264	0.6559	7.318
P1 Reference	-2.531	0.4788	2.812
P2 Validation	-3.313	1.366	6.41
P2 Reference	-2.969	0.4219	4.312

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	y_wind
step_type	instant
comment	Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-12.4	2.388	8.809
P2	-4.805	0.1625	4.827

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-13.03	-0.6625	12.25
Reference	-11.88	-0.386	11.25

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-4.164	-0.06937	2.443
P1 Reference	-3.125	-0.1992	2.406
P2 Validation	-3.368	-0.09173	3.835
P2 Reference	-2.781	-1.218	1.359

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	y_wind
step_type	instant
comment	Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity.

Point time series — 2026-08-13T00:00 - 2026-10-11T13:00, sampled lead=30min

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-14.99	3.973	13.76
P2	-8.758	0.2378	9.416

Spatial — init=2026-09-20T12:00, lead=6h (reference at 2026-09-20T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-15.59	-0.7371	12.96
Reference	-13.25	-0.4155	13.38

Temporal — init=2026-09-20T12:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-8.223	-0.2951	4.418
P1 Reference	-5	-0.6797	3
P2 Validation	-5.427	-0.8476	6.038
P2 Reference	-4.938	-2.438	2.125

Availability — 1429 of 1430 positions complete (incomplete 2026-08-13T17:00 → 2026-08-13T17:00)

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim