Catalog > NOAA HRRR forecast, 48 hour > Validation report

NOAA HRRR forecast, 48 hour validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA HRRR forecast, 48 hour dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-07-23T19:58:32 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use. All 26 variables were checked across spatial, temporal, and full-archive plots and statistics: the grid geometry, units, and physical value ranges are correct; values are consistent with an independent reference dataset (NOAA GEFS analysis) wherever an equivalent variable exists; and no unit changes, discontinuities, or processing artifacts were found across the 2018–2026 archive. One thing to know before relying on early forecasts: initializations before December 3, 2020 extend to 36 hours rather than 48, because the upstream HRRR model only began producing 48-hour forecasts with HRRRv4 (see Review notes below).

What looks good

Geometry, units, and values are correct for all 26 variables. Every map renders the continental-US Lambert-conformal grid correctly; units are as documented (temperatures °C, pressures Pa, radiation W m⁻², reflectivity dBZ, precipitation rate kg m⁻² s⁻¹); value distributions overlap the GEFS reference where a comparison exists, with the sharper extremes expected of a 3 km model versus a ~25 km analysis.
The archive is internally consistent across its full 2018–2026 span. Full-period mean and spread series show clean seasonal and diurnal cycles with no step changes at HRRR model-version boundaries. Physical relationships hold throughout: dew point never exceeds temperature, 80 m winds are stronger than 10 m winds with matching patterns, radiation and cloud cover vary together, and the snow variables share a coherent winter-peak/summer-zero cycle (including a coordinated signal for the January 2025 Gulf Coast snowstorm).
Availability is fully accounted for. Every expected forecast hour in the archive is present except those confirmed missing from NOAA's upstream archive itself (detailed below).

Review notes

Forecasts initialized before December 3, 2020 extend to 36 hours only; lead times 37–48 are absent. NOAA extended the 00/06/12/18 UTC HRRR runs from 36-hour to 48-hour forecasts with the HRRRv4 model upgrade. This accounts for essentially all of the "incomplete" fraction shown in the availability table (every initialization from 2018-07-13 through 2020-12-02). This data was never produced upstream and cannot be backfilled.
Three individual forecast hours are missing because the source files are absent from NOAA's archive: the 48-hour forecast from 2020-12-11 18:00 UTC, the 12-hour forecast from 2022-02-26 18:00 UTC, and the 45-hour forecast from 2026-01-14 18:00 UTC. Each corresponding upstream file was verified missing (HTTP 404) from the NOAA HRRR archive on AWS; these gaps are not recoverable.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA HRRR forecast, 48 hour	`noaa-hrrr-forecast-48-hour`	`v0.1.0`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-hrrr-forecast-48-hour/v0.1.0.zarr`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gefs/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.icechunk/`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	forecast
Validation time range	init_time 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-07-23T18:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-07-23T12:00
Point 1	lat=43.0951, lon=-112.7851
Point 2	lat=32.6179, lon=-83.3007
Spatial comparison time	init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)
Timeseries period	init=2019-07-05T00:00

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`composite_reflectivity`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`dew_point_temperature_2m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`precipitation_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`pressure_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`snow_area_fraction_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`snow_thickness_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`snow_water_equivalent_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`snowfall_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`temperature_2m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`wind_gust_surface`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`wind_u_10m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`wind_u_80m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`wind_v_10m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00
`wind_v_80m`	8235/11730	29.80%	2018-07-13T12:00	2026-01-14T18:00

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.001842	0.006968	0.3056
P2	0	1.778e-06	1.219e-05	0.02083

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42535/563040, P2 42535/563040

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	9.13e-05	0.0005598	0.05556
P2	0	3.32e-05	0.0001503	0.08333

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42535/563040, P2 42535/563040

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.04791	0.1044	0.9167
P2	0	0.1059	0.1928	1

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.1454	1
Reference	0	0.3119	1

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42535/563040, P2 42535/563040

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.04075	0.07151	0.8958
P2	0	0.0003112	0.0008644	0.25

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0	0
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42535/563040, P2 42535/563040

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`composite_reflectivity`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`dBZ`
long_name	Maximum/Composite radar reflectivity
short_name	refc
standard_name	equivalent_reflectivity_factor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-10	-6.929	4.94	22.71
P2	-10	-6.535	5.976	22.4

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-10	-5.726	76.5

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-10	-8.311	16.75
P2 Validation	-10	-9.201	5.375

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

composite_reflectivity — full-period value time series

composite_reflectivity — spatial comparison

composite_reflectivity — time series comparison

composite_reflectivity — availability over append dim

`dew_point_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre dewpoint temperature
short_name	2d
standard_name	dew_point_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-24.74	-2.396	2.722	14.27
P2	-18.29	12.02	2.594	24.76

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-11.06	16.51	27.75

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-1.633	2.473	5.312
P2 Validation	20.12	22.05	23.5

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42553/574770, P2 42553/574770

dew_point_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

dew_point_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

dew_point_temperature_2m — time series comparison

dew_point_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	157.6	278.1	23.25	390.9
P2	195.6	351	24.29	440.5

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	248	377.3	472
Reference	264	368.1	452

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	284	307.2	354
P1 Reference	284	308.8	360
P2 Validation	394	414.9	450
P2 Reference	404	420.4	456

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	28.73	212.3	261.3	490
P2	8.831	207.5	270.7	465.2

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.02391	27.12
Reference	0	0.01761	5.688

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	269.8	1016
P1 Reference	382.5	968
P2 Validation	227.2	988
P2 Reference	271.9	728

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	1416	8397	1760	1.115e+04
P2	238.6	7992	2559	1.163e+04

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	38.25	7502	1.6e+04
Reference	26.88	1.498e+04	1.997e+04

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	7440	9754	9984
P1 Reference	4992	1.82e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	177.5	1.019e+04	1.386e+04
P2 Reference	1364	8540	2.003e+04

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	37.56	6.286	100
P2	0	0.4498	0.1058	100

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	1.923e-05	1
Reference	-50	-41.52	-6.109e-06

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	n/a	n/a	n/a
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00)

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	1.67	10.28	1.894	34.47
P2	3.066	27.11	4.825	58.57

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	6.812	34.59	82
Reference	9	33.58	71.5

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	7.375	12.85	16.88
P1 Reference	11.12	13.25	17.25
P2 Validation	45.75	52.59	56.5
P2 Reference	50.75	53.18	55.75

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

precipitable_water_atmosphere — full-period value time series

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	8.023e-06	2.181e-05	0.0002491
P2	0	3.751e-05	0.000129	0.001354

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	5.174e-05	0.05957
Reference	0	3.668e-05	0.001625

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0
P2 Validation	7.709e-09	2.775e-07
P2 Reference	0.0001621	0.0005836

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42535/563040, P2 42535/563040

precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	9.933e+04	1.015e+05	328.7	1.041e+05
P2	9.971e+04	1.018e+05	205.3	1.035e+05

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.941e+04	1.012e+05	1.024e+05
Reference	9.92e+04	1.014e+05	1.025e+05

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.01e+05	1.014e+05	1.018e+05
P1 Reference	1.009e+05	1.016e+05	1.02e+05
P2 Validation	1.015e+05	1.017e+05	1.018e+05
P2 Reference	1.013e+05	1.016e+05	1.018e+05

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	8.43e+04	8.64e+04	244.7	8.819e+04
P2	9.81e+04	1.001e+05	202.1	1.018e+05

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	6.365e+04	9.615e+04	1.024e+05
Reference	6.867e+04	9.685e+04	1.025e+05

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	8.621e+04	8.658e+04	8.678e+04
P1 Reference	8.589e+04	8.63e+04	8.653e+04
P2 Validation	9.997e+04	1.001e+05	1.002e+05
P2 Reference	1.001e+05	1.004e+05	1.005e+05

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	11.92	52.41	13.88	95.43
P2	21.41	66.94	14.47	97.32

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.688	75.21	100
Reference	20.75	77.65	100

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	17.75	35.38	63.25
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	45.75	75.91	95.5
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

relative_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

relative_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`snow_area_fraction_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Snow cover
short_name	snowc
standard_name	surface_snow_area_fraction
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.1476	0.05954	1
P2	0	0.0006364	0.001148	0.4898

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	9.081e-05	1

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42553/574770, P2 42553/574770

$snow_area_fraction_surface — full-period value time series$ $snow_area_fraction_surface — spatial comparison$ $snow_area_fraction_surface — time series comparison$ $snow_area_fraction_surface — availability over append dim$

`snow_thickness_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Snow depth
short_name	sde
standard_name	surface_snow_thickness
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.007482	0.001844	0.2866
P2	0	1.76e-05	2.809e-05	0.02814

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0004272	44.75

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42553/574770, P2 42553/574770

snow_thickness_surface — full-period value time series

snow_thickness_surface — spatial comparison

snow_thickness_surface — time series comparison

snow_thickness_surface — availability over append dim

`snow_water_equivalent_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Snow depth water equivalent
short_name	sd
standard_name	lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.001069	0.0002205	0.03733
P2	0	1.761e-06	2.907e-06	0.002621

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0001029	5

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42553/574770, P2 42553/574770

snow_water_equivalent_surface — full-period value time series

snow_water_equivalent_surface — spatial comparison

snow_water_equivalent_surface — time series comparison

snow_water_equivalent_surface — availability over append dim

`snowfall_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Total snowfall rate
short_name	tsrate
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	2.749e-08	7.176e-08	2.053e-06
P2	0	4.572e-10	1.501e-09	6.004e-07

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	1.94e-12	1.058e-06

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42549/563040, P2 42549/563040

snowfall_surface — full-period value time series

snowfall_surface — time series comparison

snowfall_surface — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-15.57	8.956	4.862	29.45
P2	-5.744	18.98	3.847	33.14

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	1.812	20.97	38.5
Reference	4.938	20.47	33.75

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.688	18.42	27.12
P1 Reference	8.938	18.99	31.38
P2 Validation	21.75	27.02	34.5
P2 Reference	23.88	27.76	32.75

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	48.7	31.58	100
P2	0	48.13	31.67	100

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	59.22	100
Reference	0	43.98	100

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	5.639	37.5
P1 Reference	0	10.59	70
P2 Validation	0	49.82	100
P2 Reference	7.406	79.2	100

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — full-period value time series

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`wind_gust_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Wind speed (gust)
short_name	gust
standard_name	wind_speed_of_gust
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	1.82	5.744	2.711	16.96
P2	1.828	6.147	2.198	16.58

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.04834	7.234	34

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.359	3.829	11.12
P2 Validation	0.9297	4.333	9.875

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

wind_gust_surface — full-period value time series

wind_gust_surface — time series comparison

wind_gust_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-6.213	1.248	2.247	8.636
P2	-4.985	0.3843	1.536	6.152

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-18.5	0.09113	21.5
Reference	-11.62	-0.1204	13.5

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-1.562	0.2533	9.125
P1 Reference	-3.062	0.3077	4.125
P2 Validation	-2.688	0.133	2.812
P2 Reference	-1.172	0.3144	2.562

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-8.673	1.792	3.204	13.67
P2	-8.522	0.5997	2.638	9.536

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-21.25	0.258	27
Reference	-12.62	0.02171	16.75

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-4.125	-0.3373	10.5
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	-3.188	0.9752	6
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-7.229	0.04735	2.039	5.128
P2	-5.679	0.1465	1.474	5.312

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-15.5	0.7333	20.25
Reference	-17.25	0.4807	16.5

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-3.812	0.2835	4.062
P1 Reference	-3	0.7426	3.781
P2 Validation	-2.969	1.018	4
P2 Reference	-0.08789	1.538	4.188

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2018-07-13T12:00 - 2026-07-23T18:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-10.61	0.1935	2.961	10.27
P2	-9.719	0.3487	2.711	9.169

Spatial — init=2026-07-21T12:00, lead=21h (reference at 2026-07-22T09:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-19.5	1.086	28.25
Reference	-21.25	0.6532	19

Temporal — init=2019-07-05T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-4.25	1.364	5.438
P1 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	-3.375	2.694	8.25
P2 Reference	n/a	n/a	n/a

Availability — 8235 of 11730 positions complete (incomplete 2018-07-13T12:00 → 2026-01-14T18:00); nulls P1 42552/574770, P2 42552/574770

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim