Catalog > NOAA GFS forecast > Validation report

NOAA GFS forecast validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA GFS forecast dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-08-15T14:34:28 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use. Two variables carry no-data markers that must be masked by range rather than found as NaN (see the first review note).

What looks good

Global 0.25° geometry is correct — north-up latitude, −180° to +180° longitude, and coastlines and terrain where they belong, confirmed cell-for-cell against the source data files.
Values match the upstream archive to within the documented rounding precision of each variable.
No unit, scale, or precision discontinuities across the five-year record.
Fields are physically consistent with each other — the 80 m and 100 m variables track their 2 m and 10 m counterparts, and minimum ≤ instantaneous ≤ maximum temperature holds.
Diurnal cycles are in phase with the reference archive; divergence beyond roughly day 5 of lead time is normal forecast skill decay, not a data problem.
No quantization banding and no unexplained missing values.

Review notes

Mask the no-data ranges in percent_frozen_precipitation_surface (values below −0.1) and geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling (values above 19,000 m). Interpolation upstream mixes each no-data marker with real values, so it spans a range instead of one value and is left as-is rather than converted to NaN. Each variable's comment attribute carries the full explanation.
Data is missing across four forecast initializations on 2022-11-29 → 2022-11-30 (12Z and 18Z on the 29th, 00Z and 06Z on the 30th), affecting a scattered subset of forecast hours within each run rather than the whole forecast. The upstream NOAA GFS archive publishes byte-index sidecars for these runs whose offsets do not line up with the data files they describe, so those forecast hours cannot be retrieved. The underlying data is intact at the source; we will fill these in if the index is corrected upstream. Re-checked 2026-08-18.
precipitation_surface has scattered missing cells at about a dozen initializations where the source's accumulated precipitation total decreases significantly from one forecast hour to the next, leaving no valid rate to derive.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA GFS forecast	`noaa-gfs-forecast`	`v0.2.7`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-gfs-forecast/v0.2.7.zarr`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gefs/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.icechunk/`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	forecast
Validation time range	init_time 2021-05-01T00:00 → 2026-08-15T06:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-08-15T06:00
Point 1	lat=45.0000, lon=-100.0000
Point 2	lat=-35.0000, lon=155.0000
Spatial comparison time	init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)
Timeseries period	init=2024-03-20T18:00

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`maximum_temperature_2m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`minimum_temperature_2m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`precipitation_surface`	7725/7730	0.06%	2022-11-29T12:00	2023-01-30T12:00
`pressure_80m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`pressure_surface`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`temperature_2m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`temperature_80m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`wind_u_100m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`wind_u_10m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`wind_u_80m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`wind_v_100m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`wind_v_10m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00
`wind_v_80m`	7726/7730	0.05%	2022-11-29T12:00	2022-11-30T06:00

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.0008266	0.007158	0.07692
P2	0	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0002687	1
Reference	0	0.0003862	1

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.0003153	0.003041	0.07692
P2	0	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0001686	1
Reference	0	0.0003506	1

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.09196	0.2247	0.5481
P2	0.01923	0.4476	0.4657	0.9135

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.2312	1
Reference	0	0.2906	1

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.009615	1
P1 Reference	0	0
P2 Validation	0.4808	1
P2 Reference	0.5116	1

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	Presence/absence over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z). 0=no; 1=yes.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.04643	0.1263	0.6635
P2	0	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.1048	1
Reference	0	0.1447	1

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.3654	1
P1 Reference	0.2636	1
P2 Validation	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	167.7	297.1	33.2	399.7
P2	304.8	349.4	24.03	399.2

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	96	290.8	488
Reference	95	288.5	488

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	175	259.8	336
P1 Reference	166	245.8	308
P2 Validation	318	374.2	408
P2 Reference	324	359.6	408

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	51.75	187	232.3	352.6
P2	49.37	182.9	250.9	349.4

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	189	1012
Reference	0	192.8	1008

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	164.1	824
P1 Reference	203.7	820
P2 Validation	134	812
P2 Reference	186.4	820

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	Values near 20,000m mark no cloud ceiling. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real ceiling heights, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values above 19,000m.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	4015	1.382e+04	7367	1.944e+04
P2	1800	1.027e+04	8366	1.873e+04

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	3.172	1.171e+04	1.997e+04
Reference	0.6758	1.641e+04	1.997e+04

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	610	7193	2.003e+04
P1 Reference	598	1.792e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	393	7833	2.003e+04
P2 Reference	538	1.023e+04	2.003e+04

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`maximum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Maximum temperature
short_name	tmax
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	max
comment	Maximum over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-20.51	11.35	6.03	36.15
P2	14.61	18.96	1.205	24.33

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-51.25	4.605	43
Reference	-43.5	4.852	43

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-16.5	-2.755	12.69
P1 Reference	-15.06	0.2558	14.69
P2 Validation	18.88	20.97	24.25
P2 Reference	19.25	21.61	24.5

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

maximum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

maximum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`minimum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Minimum temperature
short_name	tmin
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	min
comment	Minimum over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-22.52	7.982	5.693	30.03
P2	13.97	18.42	1.254	24.02

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-52	2.893	37
Reference	-48.5	3.253	36.25

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-17.38	-4.986	6.625
P1 Reference	-17.25	-2.787	11.56
P2 Validation	18.12	20.39	23.62
P2 Reference	18.75	21.12	23.75

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

minimum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

minimum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Negative values mark no precipitation. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real percentages, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values < -0.1.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-50	-42.42	20.9	46.04
P2	-49.44	-35.41	19.47	-14.28

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-50	-31.76	100
Reference	-50	-23.75	100

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-50	-2.119	100
P1 Reference	-50	-27.82	100
P2 Validation	-50	-33.34	-6.109e-06
P2 Reference	-50	-33.83	-6.109e-06

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	2.202	15.86	4.985	37.04
P2	12.85	22.23	6.068	42.02

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.2314	18.05	76.5
Reference	0.2002	17.97	74.5

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	3.375	9.741	18.88
P1 Reference	2.094	8.191	14.19
P2 Validation	13.38	25.06	43
P2 Reference	13.12	23.24	41

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

precipitable_water_atmosphere — full-period value time series

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s.

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	1.713e-05	7.489e-05	0.000159
P2	6.946e-07	4.707e-05	0.0001348	0.0004575

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.68e-05	0.0127
Reference	0	2.549e-05	0.006989

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	3.195e-05	0.0008163
P1 Reference	8.144e-06	0.0001249
P2 Validation	3.18e-05	0.0004101
P2 Reference	1.328e-05	0.000412

Availability — 7725 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2023-01-30T12:00); nulls P1 277/1607840, P2 278/1607840

precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	80 metre pressure
short_name	80sp
standard_name	air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	9.227e+04	9.349e+04	598.1	9.455e+04
P2	9.938e+04	1.008e+05	554.1	1.021e+05

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.784e+04	9.589e+04	1.057e+05
Reference	4.896e+04	9.588e+04	1.034e+05

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.171e+04	9.34e+04	9.491e+04
P1 Reference	9.267e+04	9.374e+04	9.485e+04
P2 Validation	9.933e+04	1.011e+05	1.021e+05
P2 Reference	1.002e+05	1.012e+05	1.018e+05

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

pressure_80m — full-period value time series

pressure_80m — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	1.002e+05	1.015e+05	735.6	1.034e+05
P2	1.003e+05	1.017e+05	560.8	1.031e+05

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.574e+04	1.012e+05	1.068e+05
Reference	9.562e+04	1.012e+05	1.055e+05

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.984e+04	1.018e+05	1.037e+05
P1 Reference	1.007e+05	1.018e+05	1.032e+05
P2 Validation	1.002e+05	1.021e+05	1.03e+05
P2 Reference	1.011e+05	1.022e+05	1.027e+05

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	9.318e+04	9.439e+04	614.1	9.555e+04
P2	1.003e+05	1.017e+05	560.8	1.031e+05

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.835e+04	9.684e+04	1.067e+05
Reference	4.925e+04	9.683e+04	1.045e+05

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.267e+04	9.435e+04	9.587e+04
P1 Reference	9.363e+04	9.469e+04	9.587e+04
P2 Validation	1.002e+05	1.021e+05	1.03e+05
P2 Reference	1.011e+05	1.022e+05	1.027e+05

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	21.54	62.97	17.36	95.89
P2	58.32	70.42	8.292	88.74

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	3.406	80.08	100
Reference	4.094	80.29	100

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	29.25	82	100
P1 Reference	21.62	66.93	97.5
P2 Validation	53.5	65.91	82.5
P2 Reference	55.25	65.61	81.5

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

relative_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

relative_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-21.53	9.636	6.006	33.05
P2	14.33	18.7	1.233	24.19

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-51.75	3.573	39.25
Reference	-49.25	3.757	39

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-17	-3.831	12.75
P1 Reference	-17.25	-1.251	14.75
P2 Validation	18.12	20.7	24.25
P2 Reference	18.88	21.37	24.25

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	80 metre temperature
short_name	80t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-20.99	9.718	5.678	32.94
P2	13.13	17.73	1.426	23.28

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-46.5	3.783	37.25
Reference	-44.25	3.704	36.75

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-16.75	-4.339	10.5
P1 Reference	-14.31	-1.896	12.88
P2 Validation	16.75	19.6	23.62
P2 Reference	17.62	20.3	23.5

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

temperature_80m — full-period value time series

temperature_80m — time series comparison

temperature_80m — availability over append dim

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	avg
comment	Average over the previous 1-6 hours, reset every 6-hour forecast step (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z).

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	8.391	56.72	37.29	97.98
P2	17.02	60.12	37.36	93.78

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	68.82	100
Reference	0	60.19	100

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	15	93.89	100
P1 Reference	0	61.05	100
P2 Validation	0	71.29	100
P2 Reference	0	42.95	100

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1607840, P2 196/1607840

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — full-period value time series

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`wind_u_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre U wind component
short_name	100u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-6.07	-0.2474	4.877	6.483
P2	-11.56	0.2942	5.186	11.65

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-38	-0.6251	32
Reference	-28.75	-0.6023	31.25

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15	-3.54	10.88
P1 Reference	-11.5	-2.476	7.625
P2 Validation	-8.75	0.4853	21.75
P2 Reference	-16.75	-1.352	10.62

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

wind_u_100m — full-period value time series

wind_u_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-3.961	-0.2804	3.074	3.554
P2	-10.06	0.1451	4.522	10.05

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-29.75	-0.4905	25.75
Reference	-23.5	-0.5188	26

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-9.75	-2.256	7
P1 Reference	-7.688	-1.691	4.688
P2 Validation	-7.938	0.2539	18.25
P2 Reference	-14.88	-1.362	9.25

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-5.871	-0.2811	4.665	6.069
P2	-11.46	0.2721	5.137	11.54

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-37	-0.6149	31.5
Reference	-28.25	-0.599	30.75

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-14.5	-3.39	10.5
P1 Reference	-11.12	-2.385	7
P2 Validation	-8.75	0.4641	21.5
P2 Reference	-16.75	-1.358	10.62

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre V wind component
short_name	100v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-6.424	0.05005	5.807	7.479
P2	-9.301	0.2209	7.178	11.3

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-38	-0.5335	39
Reference	-30.5	-0.5339	27.75

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-14	-1.622	14.12
P1 Reference	-13.88	-2.457	8.625
P2 Validation	-18.5	0.6369	16
P2 Reference	-13.88	1.255	15.62

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

wind_v_100m — full-period value time series

wind_v_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-3.999	-0.03813	3.543	4.606
P2	-7.324	0.3634	6.205	9.66

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-31	-0.4572	33
Reference	-24.25	-0.455	21.75

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-8.875	-1.149	8.5
P1 Reference	-9.5	-1.669	6.125
P2 Validation	-15	0.6591	14
P2 Reference	-12.25	1.257	14

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2021-05-01T00:00 - 2026-08-15T06:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-6.068	0.03508	5.518	7.124
P2	-9.068	0.2464	7.102	11.19

Spatial — init=2024-01-15T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2024-01-16T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-37	-0.5305	38
Reference	-30.25	-0.5281	27

Temporal — init=2024-03-20T18:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-13.38	-1.586	13.5
P1 Reference	-13.25	-2.354	8.375
P2 Validation	-18.25	0.6441	15.88
P2 Reference	-13.75	1.258	15.5

Availability — 7726 of 7730 positions complete (incomplete 2022-11-29T12:00 → 2022-11-30T06:00); nulls P1 196/1615570, P2 196/1615570

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim