Catalog > NOAA GEFS forecast, 35 day > Validation report

NOAA GEFS forecast, 35 day validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA GEFS forecast, 35 day dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-08-19T21:40:08 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use.

What looks good

Map geometry is correct on every variable — north up, −180 to +180 longitude, no seam, and coastlines that line up with the reference.
Units and value ranges are physically plausible throughout, and each variable's distribution overlaps the reference.
Solar radiation peaks at the right place and time — at 18:00 UTC the sunlit hemisphere is centred near 90°W, matching the reference.
Related variables stay consistent with one another: maximum above mean above minimum temperature, wind speed and gusts rising with height, 80 m pressure about 1,000 Pa below surface pressure over the ocean, and snow and frozen-precipitation fractions peaking in winter while staying at zero in the tropics.
No unit changes, drifts or precision shifts anywhere in the six-year record.
Precipitation rates are correctly converted from source accumulations, with no artefacts at the accumulation reset boundaries.

Review notes

Each forecast is published in two stages. Its first 16 days appear just under 7 hours after the initialization time, and the full 35 days arrive with the next daily update a day later. The newest initialization time is therefore partially filled until it completes.
Mask the no-data values in percent_frozen_precipitation_surface (values below −0.1) and geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling (values above 19,000 m). Interpolation in the source mixes each variable's no-data marker with real values, so the unusable values span a range rather than a single value.
A small number of individual forecast hours are missing because the files behind them are missing or damaged in NOAA's archive. Each affects a single ensemble member at a single forecast hour, not a whole forecast.
- geopotential_height_500hpa, 18 initialization times between 2020-10-18 and 2022-02-22.
- The 80 m and 100 m wind, temperature and pressure variables, plus cloud ceiling and percent frozen precipitation, 15 to 16 initialization times spread between 2020-10-24 and 2026-07-20.
- All variables at 2021-10-04, ensemble member 15, forecast hour 588.

Resolution and forecast horizon

Forecast hours beyond 240 are produced from NOAA's 0.5° files and resampled to the 0.25° grid, so they are smoother than the 0.25° data at hours 0 to 240. For the categorical precipitation flags this resampling also produces values between 0 and 1, which represent the fraction of the surrounding area flagged rather than a yes/no value; each variable's description records this.
Cloud ceiling and percent frozen precipitation take their 0 to 240 hour data from the 0.5° files for initialization times before 2022-10-18, and from the 0.25° files afterwards.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA GEFS forecast, 35 day	`noaa-gefs-forecast-35-day`	`v0.2.0`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-gefs-forecast-35-day/v0.2.0.zarr`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gefs/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.icechunk/`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	forecast
Validation time range	init_time 2020-10-01T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-08-19T12:00
Point 1	lat=40.0000, lon=-100.0000
Point 2	lat=-20.0000, lon=-140.0000
Ensemble member	21
Spatial comparison time	init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)
Timeseries period	init=2023-02-28T00:00

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`geopotential_height_500hpa`	2131/2149	0.84%	2020-10-18T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	2134/2149	0.70%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`maximum_temperature_2m`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`minimum_temperature_2m`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	2134/2149	0.70%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`precipitation_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`pressure_80m`	2133/2149	0.74%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`pressure_surface`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`temperature_2m`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`temperature_80m`	2133/2149	0.74%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_gust_surface`	2146/2149	0.14%	2023-05-22T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_u_100m`	2134/2149	0.70%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_u_10m`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_u_80m`	2133/2149	0.74%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_v_100m`	2134/2149	0.70%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_v_10m`	2147/2149	0.09%	2021-10-04T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00
`wind_v_80m`	2134/2149	0.70%	2020-10-24T00:00	2026-08-19T00:00

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.001066	0.02174	0.01918
P2	0	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.00542	1
Reference	0	0.00394	1

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.001013	0.01978	0.019
P2	0	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.697e-05	1
Reference	0	0	0

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0.003405	0.1337	0.3061	0.4452
P2	0.4301	0.6408	0.4757	0.803

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.3746	1
Reference	0	0.3561	1

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.07778	1
P1 Reference	0.03915	1
P2 Validation	0.6333	1
P2 Reference	0.5836	1

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	0	0.0346	0.1256	0.3683
P2	0	0	0	0

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.1069	1
Reference	0	0.09969	1

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.2	1
P1 Reference	0.05694	1
P2 Validation	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average value in the last 6 hour period (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) or 3 hour period (03, 09, 15, 21 UTC).

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	224.7	310.2	34.3	402.7
P2	370.8	393.1	13.9	418.9

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	58	318.6	500
Reference	59	317.6	500

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	190	271.5	356
P1 Reference	176	253.7	340
P2 Validation	382	405.5	436
P2 Reference	370	405.1	432

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average value in the last 6 hour period (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) or 3 hour period (03, 09, 15, 21 UTC).

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	88.07	205.5	233.2	329.3
P2	154.3	246.2	294.8	334.4

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	156.8	928
Reference	0	160.3	928

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	174.6	728
P1 Reference	208.1	860
P2 Validation	257	912
P2 Reference	282.5	904

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_500hpa`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	5477	5719	73.89	5939
P2	5815	5852	26.25	5889

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4694	5583	5962
Reference	4686	5587	5974

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5404	5564	5720
P1 Reference	5396	5544	5656
P2 Validation	5818	5859	5906
P2 Reference	5824	5862	5914

Availability — 2131 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-18T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 3742/12058039, P2 3742/12058039

geopotential_height_500hpa — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_500hpa — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_500hpa — time series comparison

geopotential_height_500hpa — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	Values near 20,000m mark no cloud ceiling. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real ceiling heights, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values above 19,000m.

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	1.198e+04	1.759e+04	5194	1.978e+04
P2	5599	8882	8212	1.175e+04

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.875	1.31e+04	2.003e+04
Reference	1.293	1.638e+04	2.003e+04

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	742	1.608e+04	2.003e+04
P1 Reference	938	1.879e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	324	9940	2.003e+04
P2 Reference	455	1.48e+04	2.003e+04

Availability — 2134 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4582/12058039, P2 4582/12058039

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`maximum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Maximum temperature
short_name	tmax
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	max

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-5.115	16.45	7.029	35.46
P2	22.69	25.49	0.7747	28.04

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-60.25	9.813	49.25
Reference	-57.5	10.08	50

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15.38	5.31	25.38
P1 Reference	-6.781	6.422	25.38
P2 Validation	25.25	27.15	28.12
P2 Reference	25.5	27.25	28.25

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

maximum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

maximum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`minimum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Minimum temperature
short_name	tmin
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	min

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-8.305	11.65	6.455	28.28
P2	22.32	25.08	0.835	27.61

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-61	7.96	45.75
Reference	-66	8.021	45.25

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-17.12	1.558	22.75
P1 Reference	-8.188	2.411	19.38
P2 Validation	24.25	26.68	27.75
P2 Reference	24.62	26.85	27.88

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

minimum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

minimum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Negative values mark no precipitation. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real percentages, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values < -0.1.

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-49.39	-43.52	20.63	1.466
P2	-39.47	-33.41	20.42	-24.3

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-50	-24.67	100
Reference	-50	-32.09	100

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-50	-22.68	100
P1 Reference	-50	-44.84	100
P2 Validation	-50	-36.94	-6.109e-06
P2 Reference	-50	-36.79	-6.109e-06

Availability — 2134 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4582/12058039, P2 4582/12058039

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	6.132	17.2	5.509	34.61
P2	26.95	38.25	7.277	53.13

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.1001	22.11	80
Reference	0.1001	22.29	79

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	2.797	9.83	23.25
P1 Reference	1.297	8.091	21.25
P2 Validation	26.12	42.75	61
P2 Reference	21.12	43.62	60

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

precipitable_water_atmosphere — full-period value time series

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s.

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	2.069e-06	1.728e-05	8.782e-05	6.377e-05
P2	1.582e-05	4.892e-05	0.0001233	0.0002069

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.881e-05	0.006683
Reference	0	2.657e-05	0.009277

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	2.435e-05	0.0005493
P1 Reference	4.469e-06	0.0004463
P2 Validation	8.924e-05	0.001785
P2 Reference	6.02e-05	0.0009079

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	80 metre pressure
short_name	80sp
standard_name	air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	9.155e+04	9.217e+04	618.3	9.265e+04
P2	1e+05	1.006e+05	244.9	1.01e+05

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	5.059e+04	9.574e+04	1.034e+05
Reference	5.069e+04	9.573e+04	1.035e+05

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.03e+04	9.212e+04	9.331e+04
P1 Reference	9.024e+04	9.203e+04	9.35e+04
P2 Validation	9.984e+04	1.004e+05	1.008e+05
P2 Reference	9.984e+04	1.004e+05	1.009e+05

Availability — 2133 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4584/12058039, P2 4584/12058039

pressure_80m — full-period value time series

pressure_80m — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	1.008e+05	1.015e+05	773.2	1.026e+05
P2	1.009e+05	1.015e+05	247.6	1.02e+05

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.555e+04	1.011e+05	1.05e+05
Reference	9.434e+04	1.011e+05	1.05e+05

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.926e+04	1.017e+05	1.034e+05
P1 Reference	9.933e+04	1.016e+05	1.036e+05
P2 Validation	1.007e+05	1.013e+05	1.017e+05
P2 Reference	1.007e+05	1.013e+05	1.018e+05

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	9.243e+04	9.305e+04	637.4	9.358e+04
P2	1.009e+05	1.015e+05	255.4	1.02e+05

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	5.088e+04	9.666e+04	1.044e+05
Reference	5.101e+04	9.666e+04	1.045e+05

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.114e+04	9.303e+04	9.421e+04
P1 Reference	9.107e+04	9.294e+04	9.446e+04
P2 Validation	1.009e+05	1.013e+05	1.016e+05
P2 Reference	1.007e+05	1.013e+05	1.018e+05

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	33.4	53.43	21.52	82.76
P2	70.91	76.27	4.986	82.15

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.594	77.38	100
Reference	4.625	77.28	100

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	21.25	69.92	100
P1 Reference	16.88	55.76	97
P2 Validation	61.25	76.83	89.5
P2 Reference	66	75.07	89

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

relative_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

relative_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-6.71	13.95	7.007	31.74
P2	22.51	25.29	0.813	27.84

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-60.75	8.785	46.75
Reference	-65.5	8.775	45

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15.75	3.371	22.88
P1 Reference	-8.062	4.299	25
P2 Validation	24.62	26.93	27.88
P2 Reference	24.88	27.06	28.12

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	80 metre temperature
short_name	80t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-6.88	13.88	6.702	31.17
P2	21.41	24.35	0.9368	26.91

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-58.25	8.644	45.75
Reference	-55.25	8.73	44.75

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15.38	3.08	23.75
P1 Reference	-7.219	3.774	23.62
P2 Validation	23.62	26.03	27.38
P2 Reference	23.5	26.15	27.25

Availability — 2133 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4584/12058039, P2 4584/12058039

temperature_80m — full-period value time series

temperature_80m — time series comparison

temperature_80m — availability over append dim

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	avg
comment	Average value in the last 6 hour period (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) or 3 hour period (03, 09, 15, 21 UTC).

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	18.08	43.44	39.11	69.06
P2	25.89	49.64	36.98	77.77

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	64.21	100
Reference	0	63.66	100

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	63.32	100
P1 Reference	44.86	100
P2 Validation	62.49	100
P2 Reference	38.77	100

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/11991420, P2 2358/11991420

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — full-period value time series

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`wind_gust_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Wind speed (gust)
short_name	gust
standard_name	wind_speed_of_gust
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	5.978	7.998	4.441	10.66
P2	4.878	6.99	2.782	9.8

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.03857	7.737	38
Reference	0.008667	7.734	35.5

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.5391	8.066	18.75
P1 Reference	0.8203	7.733	22
P2 Validation	1.875	6.789	14.88
P2 Reference	0.3164	5.361	12.25

Availability — 2146 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2023-05-22T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 3207/12058039, P2 3207/12058039

wind_gust_surface — full-period value time series

wind_gust_surface — time series comparison

wind_gust_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_u_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre U wind component
short_name	100u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-2.709	-0.05503	4.431	3.435
P2	-8.288	-4.711	4.25	0.995

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-24	0.4019	35
Reference	-23.75	0.4895	30.75

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-11.25	-1.231	11.38
P1 Reference	-11.88	-0.4858	15.75
P2 Validation	-9.875	-3.428	10
P2 Reference	-9.375	-0.6948	9.875

Availability — 2134 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4582/12058039, P2 4582/12058039

wind_u_100m — full-period value time series

wind_u_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-2.026	-0.2086	2.966	2.168
P2	-7.405	-4.255	3.767	0.8273

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-20	0.2667	30.25
Reference	-19	0.3626	25.25

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-7.938	-1.038	7.375
P1 Reference	-8.5	-0.3746	11.38
P2 Validation	-8.625	-3.118	8.875
P2 Reference	-8.5	-0.6552	9.125

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-2.627	-0.08435	4.231	3.253
P2	-8.219	-4.677	4.211	0.9829

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-23.5	0.3818	34.5
Reference	-23.25	0.4741	30.25

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-10.75	-1.219	10.75
P1 Reference	-11.5	-0.4628	15.5
P2 Validation	-9.75	-3.401	10
P2 Reference	-9.375	-0.6931	9.875

Availability — 2133 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4584/12058039, P2 4584/12058039

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre V wind component
short_name	100v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-3.051	1.138	6.662	5.486
P2	-3.572	-0.4468	3.688	2.758

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-27.75	0.4857	29.25
Reference	-25.75	0.4526	29.5

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15.38	0.2416	14.62
P1 Reference	-18.5	-0.7401	16.75
P2 Validation	-14.75	-2.919	4.812
P2 Reference	-9.625	-1.448	6.875

Availability — 2134 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4582/12058039, P2 4582/12058039

wind_v_100m — full-period value time series

wind_v_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-1.849	0.6606	4.425	3.631
P2	-3.149	-0.3331	3.319	2.62

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-20.5	0.478	24
Reference	-20.5	0.4451	26.75

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-11.25	-0.04564	10.38
P1 Reference	-13.12	-0.5719	11.38
P2 Validation	-13	-2.595	4.5
P2 Reference	-8.5	-1.297	6.125

Availability — 2147 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2021-10-04T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 2358/12058039, P2 2358/12058039

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2020-10-01T00:00 - 2026-08-19T00:00

Point	min	mean	std	max
P1	-2.871	1.074	6.36	5.25
P2	-3.537	-0.436	3.66	2.748

Spatial — init=2026-08-10T00:00, lead=66h (reference at 2026-08-12T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-26.75	0.4902	28.25
Reference	-25	0.4578	29.25

Temporal — init=2023-02-28T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-14.75	0.2069	13.75
P1 Reference	-18	-0.7238	16
P2 Validation	-14.62	-2.896	4.75
P2 Reference	-9.5	-1.436	6.812

Availability — 2134 of 2149 positions complete (incomplete 2020-10-24T00:00 → 2026-08-19T00:00); nulls P1 4582/12058039, P2 4582/12058039

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim