Catalog > NOAA GEFS analysis > Validation report

NOAA GEFS analysis validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA GEFS analysis dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-08-18T22:47:22 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use. Two variables carry no-data values that must be masked rather than read as measurements, and a few timestamps hold values that come through wrong from the source — see the first review note.

What looks good

Geometry, coordinates and spatial extent are correct for every variable, with coastlines and terrain landing where the reference dataset puts them.
Units and value ranges are physically plausible throughout, and value distributions overlap the reference for every shared variable.
Timing is correct — temperature and shortwave radiation diurnal cycles, and the twice-daily atmospheric pressure tide, are all in phase with the reference.
Physical cross-checks hold — pressure falls with height, equatorial Pacific trade winds persist, snow flags stay confined to winter.
No unit switches, scale steps or drifts anywhere in the 26-year record.

Review notes

Mask the no-data values in percent_frozen_precipitation_surface (values below -0.1) and geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling (values above 19,000 m). Interpolation in the source mixes each variable's no-data marker with real values, so the unusable values span a range rather than a single value and cannot be converted to a missing-value marker. Each variable's comment attribute carries the full explanation.
The record is assembled from three source eras with different native resolutions and time steps. Any field whose source grid is coarser than 0.25° is resampled onto it bilinearly, in every era.
- 2000-01-01 – 2019-12-31: 0.25°/0.5° retrospective data, 3-hourly at the source.
- 2020-01-01 – 2020-09-23T06:00: 1.0° data, 6-hourly at the source. Spatial resampling onto the 0.25° grid is bilinear and the 3-hourly steps in between are filled by linear interpolation in time.
- 2020-09-23T12:00 – present: 0.25°/0.5° operational data, 3-hourly at the source.

Unavailable data

The first timestamp, 2000-01-01T00:00, is empty for every variable. Filling it would need a forecast from 1999-12-31, which predates the source archive. Start at 2000-01-01T03:00.
2 metre relative humidity, percent frozen precipitation, the four precipitation-type flags and the four 80 metre variables are absent before 2020-01-01. The retrospective archive covering those years does not carry those fields. The 100 metre winds are unaffected.
The four precipitation-type flags are empty at the 03, 09, 15 and 21 UTC steps from 2020-01-01 to 2020-09-23. Those steps are interpolated from their neighbours in that era, and averaging a yes/no flag cannot produce a yes or a no, so they are left empty rather than carrying a value the flag definition does not allow.
Cloud ceiling height is absent from 2020-01-01 to 2020-09-23T09:00. The source files for that era carry no cloud-ceiling field.
Two source files are missing upstream. 2020-01-25T15:00, 18:00 and 21:00 have no accumulated, averaged or extreme-value variables, and 2021-02-11T00:00 has no percent frozen precipitation, cloud ceiling height, or 80 and 100 metre fields.

Known bad values

2006-01-02T15:00 holds surface pressure in pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level, and a geopotential_height_500hpa field far outside its physical range. Both reproduce an error in the upstream archive. Every other timestamp in the record was checked and is unaffected.
A handful of steps before 2016 hold out-of-range downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface and total_cloud_cover_atmosphere, always at the shortest lead times of a source forecast. The values come from the source files themselves.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`v0.1.2`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-gefs-analysis/v0.1.2.zarr`
Reference	NOAA GFS analysis	`noaa-gfs-analysis`	`0.1.0`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-gfs-analysis/v0.1.0.zarr`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	analysis
Validation time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-08-18T18:00
Reference time range	time 2021-05-01T00:00 → 2026-08-18T20:00
Point 1	lat=40.0000, lon=-100.0000
Point 2	lat=0.0000, lon=-140.0000
Spatial comparison time	2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)
Timeseries period	2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Variable	Complete positions	Incomplete %	First incomplete	Last incomplete
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	18307/77815	76.47%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-09-23T09:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	18307/77815	76.47%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-09-23T09:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	18307/77815	76.47%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-09-23T09:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	18307/77815	76.47%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-09-23T09:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	77803/77815	0.02%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-01-25T21:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	77787/77815	0.04%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-01-25T21:00
`geopotential_height_500hpa`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	75673/77815	2.75%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`maximum_temperature_2m`	77811/77815	0.01%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-01-25T21:00
`minimum_temperature_2m`	77811/77815	0.01%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-01-25T21:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	19374/77815	75.10%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`precipitation_surface`	77811/77815	0.01%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-01-25T21:00
`pressure_80m`	19374/77815	75.10%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`pressure_surface`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	19375/77815	75.10%	2000-01-01T00:00	2019-12-31T21:00
`temperature_2m`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`temperature_80m`	19374/77815	75.10%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	77801/77815	0.02%	2000-01-01T00:00	2020-01-25T21:00
`wind_gust_surface`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`wind_u_100m`	77813/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`wind_u_10m`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`wind_u_80m`	19374/77815	75.10%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`wind_v_100m`	77813/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00
`wind_v_10m`	77814/77815	0.00%	2000-01-01T00:00	2000-01-01T00:00
`wind_v_80m`	19374/77815	75.10%	2000-01-01T00:00	2021-02-11T00:00

Unavailable timestamps: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0006555	1
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0003776	1
Reference	0	0.0005008	1

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 18307 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-09-23T09:00); nulls P1 59508/77815, P2 59508/77815

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.0003824	1
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0005018	1
Reference	0	0.0003622	1

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 18307 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-09-23T09:00); nulls P1 59508/77815, P2 59508/77815

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.1197	1
P2	0	0.3708	1

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.3	1
Reference	0	0.241	1

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.2125	1
P1 Reference	0.1042	1
P2 Validation	0.7375	1
P2 Reference	0.5917	1

Availability — 18307 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-09-23T09:00); nulls P1 59508/77815, P2 59508/77815

categorical_rain_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

categorical_rain_surface — availability over append dim

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg
flag_values	`0, 1`
flag_meanings	no yes
comment	0=no; 1=yes

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	0.02808	1
P2	0	0	0

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.1457	1
Reference	0	0.1069	1

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

Availability — 18307 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-09-23T09:00); nulls P1 59508/77815, P2 59508/77815

categorical_snow_surface — full-period value time series

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

categorical_snow_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average value in the last 6 hour period (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) or 3 hour period (03, 09, 15, 21 UTC).

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	8.812	304.2	564
P2	14.5	392.2	648

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	98	288.8	498
Reference	97.5	291.1	490

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	332	378.8	434
P1 Reference	330	377.8	424
P2 Validation	398	417.4	436
P2 Reference	398	419.8	452

Availability — 77803 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-01-25T21:00); nulls P1 12/77815, P2 12/77815

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
comment	Average value in the last 6 hour period (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) or 3 hour period (03, 09, 15, 21 UTC).

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	203.1	992
P2	0	287.5	956

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	192.4	1020
Reference	0	188.4	1020

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	334.8	960
P1 Reference	330.2	996
P2 Validation	241.9	812
P2 Reference	238.2	824

Availability — 77787 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-01-25T21:00); nulls P1 28/77815, P2 28/77815

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — full-period value time series

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_500hpa`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	4858	5704	6010
P2	5782	5856	5918

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	5516	5942

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5832	5872	5928
P2 Validation	5848	5871	5890

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

geopotential_height_500hpa — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_500hpa — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_500hpa — time series comparison

geopotential_height_500hpa — availability over append dim

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant
comment	Values near 20,000m mark no cloud ceiling. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real ceiling heights, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values above 19,000m.

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	730	1.749e+04	2.003e+04
P2	139	1.144e+04	2.003e+04

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	2.734	1.619e+04	1.997e+04
Reference	8.594	1.157e+04	2.003e+04

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	746	1.758e+04	2.003e+04
P1 Reference	740	1.68e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	436	1.303e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Reference	403	9642	2.003e+04

Availability — 75673 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 2142/77815, P2 2142/77815

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — full-period value time series

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — availability over append dim

`maximum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Maximum temperature
short_name	tmax
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	max

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-25.12	14	44.5
P2	21.75	25.65	29.38

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-45.75	5.278	45
Reference	-51	5.089	44

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	19.62	29.49	38.5
P1 Reference	18.75	28.97	39
P2 Validation	27.25	27.8	28.5
P2 Reference	26.75	27.75	29.12

Availability — 77811 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-01-25T21:00); nulls P1 4/77815, P2 4/77815

maximum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

maximum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`minimum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Minimum temperature
short_name	tmin
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	min

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-27.5	10.77	41.5
P2	21.62	25.46	29.25

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-50.5	3.351	40
Reference	-52	3.02	39.25

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	18.5	24.83	33.75
P1 Reference	17.25	24.83	34.5
P2 Validation	26.75	27.43	28.12
P2 Reference	26.62	27.35	28.25

Availability — 77811 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-01-25T21:00); nulls P1 4/77815, P2 4/77815

minimum_temperature_2m — full-period value time series

minimum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant
comment	Negative values mark no precipitation. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real percentages, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values < -0.1.

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-50	-43.81	100
P2	-50	-37.83	0

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-50	-22.99	100
Reference	-50	-30.95	100

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-50	-48.53	-21.25
P1 Reference	-50	-49.09	-6.109e-06
P2 Validation	-50	-27.3	-6.109e-06
P2 Reference	-50	-36.63	-6.109e-06

Availability — 19374 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 58441/77815, P2 58441/77815

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.6992	16.56	53.25
P2	15	35.24	67.5

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.2197	17.92	78.5
Reference	0.2256	17.96	78

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	13.19	26.92	39.5
P1 Reference	12.5	26.9	42.5
P2 Validation	35.75	51.65	62.25
P2 Reference	34.5	51.65	63.25

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

precipitable_water_atmosphere — full-period value time series

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s.

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	1.996e-05	0.004822
P2	0	8.103e-06	0.002579

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.8e-05	0.008484
Reference	0	2.888e-05	0.0119

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.096e-05	0.0003796
P1 Reference	4.523e-05	0.00383
P2 Validation	9.402e-05	0.0007401
P2 Reference	7.25e-05	0.0005226

Availability — 77811 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-01-25T21:00); nulls P1 4/77815, P2 4/77815

precipitation_surface — full-period value time series

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

precipitation_surface — availability over append dim

`pressure_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	80 metre pressure
short_name	80sp
standard_name	air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	8.877e+04	9.224e+04	9.453e+04
P2	9.946e+04	1.002e+05	1.008e+05

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.912e+04	9.586e+04	1.034e+05
Reference	4.806e+04	9.587e+04	1.056e+05

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.069e+04	9.183e+04	9.254e+04
P1 Reference	9.069e+04	9.18e+04	9.261e+04
P2 Validation	9.971e+04	9.998e+04	1.002e+05
P2 Reference	9.971e+04	9.998e+04	1.003e+05

Availability — 19374 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 58441/77815, P2 58441/77815

pressure_80m — full-period value time series

pressure_80m — availability over append dim

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	9.254e+04	1.015e+05	1.057e+05
P2	1.002e+05	1.011e+05	1.018e+05

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.632e+04	1.011e+05	1.059e+05
Reference	9.626e+04	1.011e+05	1.068e+05

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.958e+04	1.008e+05	1.018e+05
P1 Reference	9.952e+04	1.008e+05	1.017e+05
P2 Validation	1.006e+05	1.009e+05	1.011e+05
P2 Reference	1.006e+05	1.009e+05	1.012e+05

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — full-period value time series

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — availability over append dim

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	8.922e+04	9.309e+04	9.613e+04
P2	1.002e+05	1.011e+05	1.018e+05

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.944e+04	9.681e+04	1.046e+05
Reference	4.854e+04	9.682e+04	1.066e+05

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.152e+04	9.265e+04	9.344e+04
P1 Reference	9.152e+04	9.263e+04	9.344e+04
P2 Validation	1.006e+05	1.009e+05	1.011e+05
P2 Reference	1.006e+05	1.009e+05	1.012e+05

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

pressure_surface — full-period value time series

pressure_surface — time series comparison

pressure_surface — availability over append dim

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	7.156	53.89	100
P2	63.75	81.3	93.5

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	1.023	78.75	100
Reference	1	78.83	100

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	15.25	52.01	97.5
P1 Reference	13.19	51.88	99
P2 Validation	73.5	81.99	88
P2 Reference	68	80.29	86.5

Availability — 19375 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2019-12-31T21:00); nulls P1 58440/77815, P2 58440/77815

relative_humidity_2m — full-period value time series

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

relative_humidity_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-27.5	12.67	44.5
P2	21.75	25.56	29.38

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-49	4.355	43
Reference	-51	4.209	42.5

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	18.62	27.05	38.5
P1 Reference	17.5	26.95	38.75
P2 Validation	26.75	27.63	28.38
P2 Reference	26.62	27.58	29

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

temperature_2m — full-period value time series

temperature_2m — availability over append dim

`temperature_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	80 metre temperature
short_name	80t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-25.88	13.26	40.75
P2	21	24.69	28.88

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-47	4.007	39.5
Reference	-47.75	4.011	38.75

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	18.88	26.74	36.75
P1 Reference	17.62	26.65	37.25
P2 Validation	25.88	26.9	27.88
P2 Reference	25.88	26.8	28.5

Availability — 19374 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 58441/77815, P2 58441/77815

temperature_80m — full-period value time series

temperature_80m — time series comparison

temperature_80m — availability over append dim

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	avg
comment	Average value in the last 6 hour period (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) or 3 hour period (03, 09, 15, 21 UTC).

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0	43.06	146
P2	0	27.62	139

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	60.35	100
Reference	0	68.79	100

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	24.11	100
P1 Reference	28.1	100
P2 Validation	55.36	100
P2 Reference	65.39	100

Availability — 77801 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2020-01-25T21:00); nulls P1 14/77815, P2 14/77815

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — full-period value time series

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — availability over append dim

`wind_gust_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	Wind speed (gust)
short_name	gust
standard_name	wind_speed_of_gust
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.2148	7.887	29
P2	0.1133	7.952	15.38

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.008057	8.079	40

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.312	8.36	21.75
P2 Validation	3	7.593	10.75

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

wind_gust_surface — full-period value time series

wind_gust_surface — time series comparison

wind_gust_surface — availability over append dim

`wind_u_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre U wind component
short_name	100u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-21.5	0.191	28
P2	-13.88	-6.916	5.875

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-33	-0.5286	31.25
Reference	-38	-0.5332	36

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-10	-0.7003	7.625
P1 Reference	-13.12	-0.4873	9.75
P2 Validation	-10.75	-5.512	2.969
P2 Reference	-11.12	-5.85	2.719

Availability — 77813 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 2/77815, P2 2/77815

wind_u_100m — full-period value time series

wind_u_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-15.5	-0.03089	20.25
P2	-12.12	-5.961	5.375

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-29.5	-0.4874	25.75
Reference	-30.25	-0.4687	28

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-6.812	-0.6049	5.875
P1 Reference	-9.625	-0.4024	6.875
P2 Validation	-9.375	-4.806	2.75
P2 Reference	-9.625	-5.095	2.625

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

wind_u_10m — full-period value time series

wind_u_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_u_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre U wind component
short_name	80u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-21.25	0.09814	23.5
P2	-13.62	-6.772	4

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-32.5	-0.5285	30.75
Reference	-37	-0.5317	35

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-9.625	-0.7084	7.438
P1 Reference	-12.75	-0.4957	9.5
P2 Validation	-10.62	-5.453	2.938
P2 Reference	-11.12	-5.794	2.719

Availability — 19374 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 58441/77815, P2 58441/77815

wind_u_80m — full-period value time series

wind_u_80m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre V wind component
short_name	100v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-25.75	0.8191	23
P2	-11.12	1.519	9.75

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-39	-0.5193	30
Reference	-43	-0.4968	33

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-9.625	4.827	17
P1 Reference	-9	5.111	20
P2 Validation	-2.656	3.741	7.688
P2 Reference	-1.422	3.909	8.75

Availability — 77813 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 2/77815, P2 2/77815

wind_v_100m — full-period value time series

wind_v_100m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-18.25	0.4522	15.75
P2	-9.875	1.3	8.625

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-34	-0.4824	26.5
Reference	-34.5	-0.4618	28.25

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-6.562	2.956	11
P1 Reference	-6.5	3.216	13.88
P2 Validation	-2.531	3.251	6.625
P2 Reference	-1.359	3.38	7.5

Availability — 77814 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2000-01-01T00:00); nulls P1 1/77815, P2 1/77815

wind_v_10m — full-period value time series

wind_v_10m — availability over append dim

`wind_v_80m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	80 metre V wind component
short_name	80v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Point time series — 2000-01-01T00:00 - 2026-08-18T18:00

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-24.75	0.7232	22.25
P2	-7.5	1.545	9.625

Spatial — 2024-01-15T12:00 (reference at 2024-01-15T12:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-38.5	-0.5203	29.5
Reference	-42	-0.4989	32.5

Temporal — 2026-06-27T03:06 - 2026-07-07T03:06

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-9.25	4.554	16.25
P1 Reference	-8.75	4.844	19.25
P2 Validation	-2.656	3.705	7.562
P2 Reference	-1.438	3.867	8.75

Availability — 19374 of 77815 positions complete (incomplete 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2021-02-11T00:00); nulls P1 58441/77815, P2 58441/77815

wind_v_80m — full-period value time series

wind_v_80m — availability over append dim