Catalog > Google WeatherNext 3 forecast, 48 hour, 0.1 degree, virtual > Validation report

Google WeatherNext 3 forecast, 48 hour, 0.1 degree, virtual validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the Google WeatherNext 3 forecast, 48 hour, 0.1 degree, virtual dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-10-31T21:01:45 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use.

What looks good

All 19 variables were available at all 48 scanned initializations. The sampled decode check covered 20 of 48 initialization regions and five leads, reporting 1,900 successfully decoded references.
The plotted fields show consistent geographic orientation and plausible units and ranges.
Sea-surface-temperature masking follows the continents. The land location has no sea-surface-temperature values, as expected.
Precipitation and solar radiation show plausible hourly behavior. Rainfall is nonnegative and episodic, while radiation follows the daylight cycle without a cumulative ramp.

Review notes

Longitudes use the 0–360 convention, and the horizontal dimensions are named y and x. y holds latitude ascending from south to north and x holds longitude. For example, 100°W is x=260 in this dataset.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	Google WeatherNext 3 forecast, 48 hour, 0.1 degree, virtual	`google-weathernext3-forecast-48-hour-0-1-degree-virtual`	`v0.1.0`	`https://google-weathernext3.r2.dynamical.org/google-weathernext3-forecast-48-hour-0-1-degree-virtual/v0.1.0.icechunk`
Reference	NOAA GFS analysis	`noaa-gfs-analysis`	`0.1.0`	`s3://dynamical-noaa-gfs/noaa-gfs-analysis/v0.1.0.icechunk`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	forecast
Validation time range	init_time 2026-06-30T00:00 → 2026-07-01T23:00
Reference time range	time 2021-05-01T00:00 → 2026-10-31T17:00
Point 1	lat=39.7000, lon=255.0000
Point 2	lat=25.0000, lon=300.0000
Spatial comparison time	init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)
Timeseries period	init=2026-07-01T00:00
Statistic	mean when declared, otherwise standard_deviation
Store type	virtual — availability manifest-probed; value series sampled

Availability

The plot below shows the availability of each variable over time — light red marks unavailable data, dark green marks present data.

availability heatmap

Every variable is complete at every scanned position.

Decode health

1900 references decoded successfully, sampled across 20 of 48 append-dim regions, 5 leads and up to 6 present levels per group variable.

Per-variable details

`cloud_cover_high` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	High cloud cover
short_name	hcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.02122	16.59	63.58
P2	0.03793	3.594	33.07

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.00407	38.09	99.97

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.049	15.94	57.29
P2 Validation	0.2409	15.54	59.38

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`cloud_cover_low` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Low cloud cover
short_name	lcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.01181	0.05284	0.1017
P2	0.5477	9.571	37.36

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.003559	45.3	99.99

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.0233	0.7893	8.642
P2 Validation	2.047	7.372	14.45

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`cloud_cover_medium` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Medium cloud cover
short_name	mcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.0298	13.5	55.17
P2	0.1918	14.04	43.16

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.002098	29.47	100

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.06558	11.41	32.28
P2 Validation	2.573	7.336	17.82

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`dew_point_temperature_2m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre dewpoint temperature
short_name	2d
standard_name	dew_point_temperature
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-8.153	1.525	9.775
P2	20.57	21.71	22.86

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-71.34	3.934	29.5

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-2.883	4.898	9.201
P2 Validation	20.63	21.41	21.97

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`downward_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface direct short-wave radiation flux
short_name	aswdir_s
standard_name	surface_direct_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	Average flux since the previous forecast step.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.03507	256.1	820
P2	0.03205	234.7	834.3

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	93.58	855.8

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.02302	259.9	814.1
P2 Validation	0.03464	250.4	821.1

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	Average flux since the previous forecast step.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.0126	328.2	957.1
P2	0.02952	299.2	958.9

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	155.9	977.6
Reference	0	163.3	972

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.04956	331.7	967.1
P1 Reference	0	331.9	1032
P2 Validation	0.04106	310	949.8
P2 Reference	0	345.5	876

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`precipitation_experimental_surface` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s. WeatherNext 3 forecast of 1-hour precipitation from its experimental satellite-radar precipitation head; a model forecast, not an observation.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	5.621e-09	4.517e-06	8.455e-05
P2	3.883e-08	1.127e-05	0.0001068

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.92e-05	0.004447

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	6.462e-09	4.592e-06	4.154e-05
P2 Validation	1.199e-08	1.528e-05	3.902e-05

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`precipitation_imerg_surface` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s. WeatherNext 3 forecast of 1-hour precipitation calibrated to IMERG satellite precipitation; a model forecast, not an observation.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1.491e-08	2.698e-06	3.73e-05
P2	8.141e-09	2.06e-06	2.051e-05

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.266e-10	2.876e-05	0.004213

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.094e-08	3.911e-06	2.748e-05
P2 Validation	1.08e-08	1.299e-06	4.94e-06

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`precipitation_surface` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	Average precipitation rate since the previous forecast step. Units equivalent to mm/s. WeatherNext 3 model-native 1-hour precipitation.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	2.09e-08	2.208e-06	1.698e-05
P2	2.396e-08	2.901e-05	0.0002354

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	3.583e-10	3.182e-05	0.002363
Reference	0	3.162e-05	0.01685

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	4.736e-08	1.64e-06	1.017e-05
P1 Reference	0	3.626e-07	1.74e-05
P2 Validation	1.848e-07	6.594e-06	3.503e-05
P2 Reference	0	2.352e-05	0.0002079

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1.001e+05	1.007e+05	1.012e+05
P2	1.017e+05	1.019e+05	1.021e+05

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.391e+04	1.007e+05	1.039e+05
Reference	9.414e+04	1.008e+05	1.073e+05

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.003e+05	1.009e+05	1.014e+05
P1 Reference	1.001e+05	1.007e+05	1.014e+05
P2 Validation	1.017e+05	1.019e+05	1.021e+05
P2 Reference	1.018e+05	1.019e+05	1.021e+05

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`sea_surface_temperature` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Sea surface temperature
short_name	sst
standard_name	sea_surface_temperature
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	NaN over land where sea surface temperature does not apply.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2	28.2	28.68	29.52

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-1.711	14.37	33.82

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	n/a	n/a	n/a
P2 Validation	28.94	29.16	29.74

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`temperature_2m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	14.65	23.8	32.87
P2	25.05	27.22	28.46

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-71.61	8.295	39.33
Reference	-72	8.511	40.25

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	13.42	22.71	31.99
P1 Reference	17	24.83	34
P2 Validation	27.13	28.05	28.79
P2 Reference	26.5	27.06	27.38

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	0.06667	21.74	76.17
P2	0.8682	23.07	60.17

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.001401	68.78	99.99
Reference	0	69.82	100

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.2888	21.97	65.06
P1 Reference	0	22.46	100
P2 Validation	8.314	26.66	64.79
P2 Reference	0	28.74	95.5

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`wind_speed_100m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre wind speed
short_name	100si
standard_name	wind_speed
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	The statistic of ensemble wind speed, not derived from the u/v statistics.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1.329	4.064	8.609
P2	0.5043	3.134	4.951

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.5316	8.637	31.9

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.479	3.799	7.766
P2 Validation	2.105	3.629	4.835

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`wind_speed_10m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre wind speed
short_name	10si
standard_name	wind_speed
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean
comment	The statistic of ensemble wind speed, not derived from the u/v statistics.

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	1.064	2.748	6.193
P2	0.4784	2.972	4.669

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference not available)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.3682	6.769	24.81

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1.085	2.622	5.542
P2 Validation	2.033	3.482	4.583

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`wind_u_100m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre U wind component
short_name	100u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-6.593	-1.005	2.462
P2	-3.701	-2.075	0.2974

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-31.66	0.7031	29.53
Reference	-32.5	0.7846	30

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-4.336	-0.8129	1.543
P1 Reference	-12	-2.357	2.188
P2 Validation	-4.158	-2.689	-1.053
P2 Reference	-4.625	-2.618	-0.7344

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`wind_u_10m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-4.473	-0.6208	1.715
P2	-3.494	-1.962	0.3169

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-23.79	0.4879	23.81
Reference	-24.25	0.5274	24.25

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-3.316	-0.5363	1.006
P1 Reference	-8	-1.708	1.469
P2 Validation	-3.948	-2.567	-1.015
P2 Reference	-4.312	-2.486	-0.7422

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`wind_v_100m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre V wind component
short_name	100v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-5.565	0.08286	6.795
P2	-0.6665	1.868	3.837

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-24.16	0.7018	30.13
Reference	-28	0.7212	27.5

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-6.212	-1.242	2.442
P1 Reference	-9.25	-1.609	7.125
P2 Validation	-0.7102	2.1	3.616
P2 Reference	0.1816	2.49	5.125

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

`wind_v_10m` [statistic=mean]

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant
sampled statistic	statistic=mean

Point time series — 2026-06-30T00:00 - 2026-07-01T23:00, sampled lead=2h

Point	min	mean	max
P1	-4.023	0.1405	4.743
P2	-0.6319	1.773	3.643

Spatial — init=2026-07-01T00:00, lead=24h (reference at 2026-07-02T00:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-18.99	0.6329	21.8
Reference	-22.25	0.6287	22.25

Temporal — init=2026-07-01T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-4.346	-0.6394	1.877
P1 Reference	-6.125	-1.175	4.75
P2 Validation	-0.673	2.031	3.446
P2 Reference	0.1602	2.348	4.812

Availability — 48 of 48 positions complete

Google WeatherNext 3 forecast, 48 hour, 0.1 degree, virtual validation report

Summary

What looks good

Review notes

Datasets

Run parameters

Availability

Decode health

Per-variable details

cloud_cover_high [statistic=mean]

cloud_cover_low [statistic=mean]

cloud_cover_medium [statistic=mean]

dew_point_temperature_2m [statistic=mean]

downward_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface [statistic=mean]

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface [statistic=mean]

precipitation_experimental_surface [statistic=mean]

precipitation_imerg_surface [statistic=mean]

precipitation_surface [statistic=mean]

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level [statistic=mean]

sea_surface_temperature [statistic=mean]

temperature_2m [statistic=mean]

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere [statistic=mean]

wind_speed_100m [statistic=mean]

wind_speed_10m [statistic=mean]

wind_u_100m [statistic=mean]

wind_u_10m [statistic=mean]

wind_v_100m [statistic=mean]

wind_v_10m [statistic=mean]

`cloud_cover_high` [statistic=mean]

`cloud_cover_low` [statistic=mean]

`cloud_cover_medium` [statistic=mean]

`dew_point_temperature_2m` [statistic=mean]

`downward_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface` [statistic=mean]

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface` [statistic=mean]

`precipitation_experimental_surface` [statistic=mean]

`precipitation_imerg_surface` [statistic=mean]

`precipitation_surface` [statistic=mean]

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level` [statistic=mean]

`sea_surface_temperature` [statistic=mean]

`temperature_2m` [statistic=mean]

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere` [statistic=mean]

`wind_speed_100m` [statistic=mean]

`wind_speed_10m` [statistic=mean]

`wind_u_100m` [statistic=mean]

`wind_u_10m` [statistic=mean]

`wind_v_100m` [statistic=mean]

`wind_v_10m` [statistic=mean]